Economics for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Case Study

Financial aspects for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure - Case Study Example Due to Guam’s close relationship with the economy of Japan, incidents in the last have genuinely influenced the monetary circumstance in Guam. In any case, the situation has improved in Guam in the long run in spite of the fact that the pattern of sightseers has changed altogether (Dougan, 2007). A profound examination concerning the personal conduct standard of the new age of Japanese voyagers has yielded a sharp differentiation to the more established part of explorers. Consequently, the policymakers need to outline new promoting, gracefully and operational choices for boosting their travel industry segment to be at standard with its past greatness. Promoting Decisions An observational examination shows that Japanese vacationers incline toward Guam over other visitor goals attributable to the vicinity between the two and the pleasant excellence of the spot. The Japanese are seen as generally worried about their security while visiting and accordingly, the Guamanian policymak ers need to advertise their expanded worry towards security of their visitors and improving the spot. What's more, the popularity for extravagance things may likewise be utilized by the policymakers for advertising the travel industry in Guam. A feeble dollar against Japanese Yen has discounted the overall cost of many marked things in Guam than they are in Japan which could be utilized as a ploy by policymakers to pull in voyagers (Moutinho, Curry, and Rita, 1996). Gracefully Decisions Supply choices which support the travel industry in Guam are those which help in drawing an ever increasing number of visitors inside the country. Gracefully choices are basically those which take a note of the interest circumstance and afterward outline flexibly plans in order to augment benefits (Walker and Walker, 2011). In the current example, the interest choices of Japanese vacationers are seen as needy more on their per capita pay as opposed to the costs of products. Additionally, they slant m ore towards extravagance things accessible in Guam. To address their issues of normal things, the Japanese sightseers as of late have turned their consideration towards limited item stores. Thus, the policymakers ought to decide to improve the gracefully of extravagance things in Guam as increment in offer of limited ware things don't help with boosting the degree of salary in a country. Likewise, the Guamanian policymakers could likewise utilize those instruments which give them an edge over other the travel industry goals as far as happenstance costs. For example, the lodging rates in Guam are far less expensive than those in other traveler goals with the descending pattern particularly noted post the Asian budgetary emergency, by virtue of high reliance of Guamanian the travel industry on the economy of Japan. The policymakers can likewise decide to train all Guamanian inns towards keeping their costs low too particularly now and again when the Japanese economy is encountering a low. Also, now and again when the interest is low, the policymakers can decide to alter the accessibility of aircraft situates in order to keep the costs steady and lessen odds of misfortune. Operational Decisions The operational choices that the policymakers ought to receive to help the Guamanian the travel industry part would will in general improve the budgetary stream inside the economy (Knowles,

Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A

P1 †Describe the job web promoting has in a cutting edge showcasing setting utilizing chosen associations as models Internet showcasing has assumed a significant job as a methods for publicizing. A wide range of organizations have profited by web promoting with regards to cost, relationship building and deals. In a split second a huge number of individuals can approach an organization, its items or administrations, and this should be possible whenever anyplace on the planet. Generally correspondence is done by means of email decreasing expenses in calls too. What's more, this advantages not just organizations which don't have to spend huge totals of cash on conventional methods of promoting yet additionally benefits customers who don't have to make calls to find out about an organization and its items or administrations; it is conceivable to discover everything with a couple of snaps. Web advertising is additionally used to close arrangements which make the procedure simpler and less expensive for the business and the client. Indeed, even a cell phone contract arrangement should be possible by means of web these days. Web advertising additionally helps focusing on abroad customers as items or administrations effectively arrive at clients anyplace on the planet through web showcasing. Relationship building is likewise one reason why organizations use web promoting; this should be possible through messages got to refresh clients with most recent items, administrations or news; another approach to manufacture great connection with clients is by offering them benefits that should be possible online without the problem of going out to determine an issue. One model is web based financial where banks offer clients the office of dropping direct charges, make installments or moves in no time.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Dramatically Reduces Inflammation

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Dramatically Reduces Inflammation The vagus nerve is always at play in people with gut problems, food sensitivities, fatigue, anxiety, depersonalization, and brain fog.This means that people have a lower vagal tone, i.e., having a lower ability to perform its functions.The one problem to address in this situation is to find out which part of the vagus nerve is malfunctioning and to what extent it is the problem compared to other aspects of your biology.WHAT IS THE VAGUS NERVE?The vagus nerve is the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system that is responsible for regulating the “tend-and-befriend” or “rest-and-digest” responses.Even though it’s not the only nerve in the parasympathetic system, it is the most important due to having the most far-reaching effects.Vagus’ literal meaning is ‘wanderer’ because this nerve wanders all over the human body to various crucial organs.The vagus nerve reaches the gut (intestines, stomach), brain, liver, heart, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureter, kidn ey, neck (pharynx, larynx, and esophagus), reproductive organs (female), lungs, tongue, and ears.Due to its incredible importance to other organs, if the vagus nerve isn’t working properly, it could lead to digestive disorders such as GERD, gastroparesis, dyspepsia, anorexia, ulcerative colitis and bulimia among others.It can also lead to inflammation because of fight-or-flight responses in the nervous system.INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES Inflammatory responses are what lead to the development of various diseases as well as severe chronic pain.As a matter of fact, in most cases, inflammation serves as our body’s response to stress.So the only way to reduce inflammation is by reducing the fight-or-flight responses in the nervous system as well as lowering biological markers for stress.Usually, doctors would prescribe medications to fight inflammation, but there have been growing pieces of evidence that engaging the vagus nerve and improving the “vagal tone” is another way of doing t hat.This can be accomplished by maintaining the daily habits of meditation and yoga or in other extreme cases   such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using an implanted device for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).VNS REDUCES ARTHRITIC INFLAMMATION DRAMATICALLYA joint team of researchers from the United States and Amsterdam conducted a clinical trial concluded that by stimulating the vagus nerve with a small implanted device reduced inflammation significantly and improved outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting cytokine production.According to researchers, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that has affected over 1.3 million people in the United States and costs over tens of thousands of dollars to treat it annually.For this experiment, the neuroscientists and immunology-experts used state-of-the-art technology in order to map the neural circuitry that regulates inflammation.One circuit, known as the “inflammatory reflex,” there are actio n potentials that are transmitted in the vagus nerve which hinder the production of cytokines.This is regarded as the first human study of its kind to reduce rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by stimulating the vagus nerve with a small implanted device that triggered a chain reaction and as a result, reduced cytokine levels and inflammation.And even though the experiment was focused on rheumatoid arthritis, the results also provided positive implications for people suffering from other diseases, including Crohn’s, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.Paul-Peter Tak, the international principal investigator and lead author of the paper from the Division of Clinical Immunology Rheumatology of the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, said in a statement:“It is the first study to determine whether stimulating the inflammatory reflex directly with an implanted device can treat RA in human beings. We have demonstrated previously how targeting the inflammatory reflex may hel p reduce inflammation in animal models and in vitro models of RA….. which may also be relevant for other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.”In other words, these findings give us a better edge in combating diseases that, at the moment, can only be treated with very expensive drugs that come with a wide range of side-effects.Therefore, VNS offers healthcare providers a more effective alternative for improving the lives of people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases.VAGUS NERVE FUNCTIONSBrainFor the brain, the vagus nerve aids in mood and keeps anxiety and depression under control.The nerve is the one responsible for the mind-body connection since it goes out to all of the major organs (with the exception of the adrenal and thyroid glands).The vagus nerve is intimately linked with how we connect with one another, as in, it links directly to the nerves that tune our ears to human speech, regulate emotional expressions and coordinate eyesight.It is also what influences t he release of the hormone oxytocin, that is important for social bonding.Studies suggest that a higher vagal tone is largely associated with more altruistic behavior and greater closeness to others.The vagus activity of a child may be affected by their mother.In one study, it revealed that mothers who were angry, depressed or anxious during pregnancy gave birth to children with lower vagus activity.Other studies suggest that the vagus nerve is crucial for getting in the mental state of “flow.”It is assumed that a combination of sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and vagus activation produces the right atmosphere for a flow state.By increasing orexin in the prefrontal cortex, vagus nerve stimulation may increase a person’s wakefulness.It has been proven to reduce the amount of daytime sleep as well as rapid eye movements in epilepsy patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury and also promote the recovery of consciousness in comatose rats after a traumatic brain injury.However , the vagus nerve can also lead to ‘sickness behavior’ (sleepiness, fatigue, loss of appetite, anxiety, depression, decreased motivation and inability to concentrate) in an inflammatory state.Kidney and BladderThe vagus nerve has been proven to promote general kidney function. It increases blood flow and helps in glucose control, which then improves blood filtration.Vagus activation leads to the release of dopamine in kidneys, which excrete sodium and thus lowers blood pressure.A side effect of the vagus nerve is that it causes urinary retention as it leads to the bladder.Another way to look at it is that a lowered vagus stimulation can cause you to urinate frequently.GutIn the gut, the vagus nerve increases digestive juice secretion, stomach acidity, and gut flow.If there is less vagus stimulation, it could increase the risk of IBS, which is the result of less flow. That’s why the vagus nerve is important for increasing gut flow (motility).Vagus nerve stimulation increases th e release of histamine by stomach cells, which helps in releasing stomach acid. Hence, low stomach acidity is a problem in the vagus nerve.The vagus nerve is important to help you absorb vitamin B12 by releasing intrinsic factor.After a meal, relaxation and satiety are caused by activation of the vagus nerve’s transmission to the brain in response to food intake.The vagus nerve is crucial for conditions such as GERD because it controls stomach acidity and the esophagus.Liver, Pancreas, and GallbladderThe vagus nerve helps control blood glucose balance in the liver and pancreas.For the gallbladder, the vagus nerve helps release bile, which is what gets rid of toxins and breaks down fat.HeartIn the heart, the vagus nerve controls blood pressure and heart rate.Stimulating the vagus nerve prevents the risk of heart disease as well as other fatal diseases.Mouth and EarsThe vagus nerve helps control taste and saliva in the tongue and releases tears in the eyes.It also helps explain why a person coughs when tickled on their ears, such as the case when you’re trying to remove ear wax with q-tips or a cotton swab. It can also help people with tinnitus due to its connection to the ear.SpleenIn the spleen, vagus activation reduces inflammation by releasing acetylcholine.Even though the activation targets the most important organs, the response is more systemetic in the spleen.Since the vagus nerve connects to a woman’s cervix, uterus, and vagina, it helps control their orgasms and fertility.POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS OF VAGUS NERVE DYSFUNCTIONBrain problemsObesity and weight gainAnxietyDepressionIBSHigh and low heart rateChronic fatigueDelayed gastric emptying or gastroparesisDifficulty in swallowingB12 deficiencyDizziness/faintingHeartburnChronic inflammationDISORDERS THAT VAGUS NERVE ACTIVATION CAN FIGHTGiven that the vagus nerve is linked with many different functions and brain regions, several types of research have uncovered the positive benefits of vagal stimulation o n a number of diseases and conditions such as:OCDAlzheimer’sMigrainesHeart diseaseAnxiety disordersTinnitusObesityFibromyalgiaMemory disordersChronic heart failureMultiple sclerosisBulimiaAutismAlcohol addictionCancerMood disordersLeaky GutBad blood circulationSevere mental diseases12 WAYS TO STIMULATE THE VAGUS NERVE 1.  Singing or ChantingAccording to one study, singing increases heart rate variability (HRV).In fact, mantra chanting, humming, hymn singing, and upbeat energetic singing are known to increase HRV in different ways.Singing, in particular, begins the work of the vagal pump, which sends relaxing waves through the choir. When you sing at the top of your lungs, the muscles in the back of the throat activate the vagus.Energetic singing activates both the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nervous system, which enables you to get into a flow state.Singing in unison, usually practiced in churches and synagogues, also activates vagus stimulation and increases HRV.It also incre ases oxytocin, a chemical which brings elated joy and happiness.2.  ColdStudies reveal that when our bodies get adjusted to cold, our fight-or-flight (sympathetic) system decreases and our rest-and-digest (parasympathetic) system increases because it is managed by the vagus nerve.Exposure to any kind of acute cold will boost vagus stimulation. You can start this off by dipping your face in cold water.3.  MeditationTwo kinds of meditation, namely loving-kindness meditation and om chanting, can stimulate the vagus nerve.The loving-kindness meditation enhances the vagal tone, which is measured by HRV. Om chanting stimulates the vagus nerve as well.4.  YogaYoga has been documented to increase vagus nerve and parasympathetic system activity in general.This is backed by the results witnessed in the 12-week yoga intervention.The program saw an increase in thalamic GABA levels, which led to greater improvements in mood and anxiety than a control group that did walking exercises.5.  Deep and Slow BreathingYour heart and neck consist of neurons that have receptors known as “baroreceptors.”The neurons detect your blood pressure and then transmits the neural signal to the brain (NTS), which then activates your vagus nerve that connects to your heart to lower heart rate and blood pressure.This brings about a lower fight-or-flight activation (sympathetic) and more rest-and-digest (parasympathetic).Baroreceptors can at times be quite sensitive.When they become too sensitive, they will transmit signals to the brain, informing it that the blood pressure is too high and it’s time to activate the vagus nerve to lower it.Slow breathing, along with roughly equal time contributed to breathing in and out, has been reported to increase the sensitivity of your baroreceptors and activate vagal stimulation, which in turn, lowers blood pressure and reduces anxiety by reducing your sympathetic nervous system and enhancing your parasympathetic system.An average adult can benefit from 5-6 breaths per minute.A proper breathing technique would be to breathe from the belly and slowly at that.6.  Positive Social RelationshipsIn one study, participants were told to sit and think about others in a compassionate manner by silently repeating phrases such as “may you feel safe, may you feel healthy, may you feel happy, may you live with ease,” and continue to return to these thoughts when their minds wandered.Compared to control groups, the ones meditating showed an overall increase in positive emotions including interest, joy, serenity, amusement and hope after the class.These psychological and emotional changes were linked with a greater sense of connectedness to others and an improvement in vagal stimulation, as seen by HRV.However, simply meditating isn’t enough to bring a more toned vagus nerve.That’s because the change only occurred in those meditators who were happier and felt more socially connected.On the other hand, those who meditated just as much and didn’t show any signs of feeling closer to others showed no change in the tone of the vagus nerve.7.  PrayerStudies show that reciting the rosary prayer increases vagus activation.More specifically, this method increases cardiovascular rhythms such as HRV and diastolic blood pressure.Other studies suggest that reading one cycle of the rosary takes about 10 seconds and causes readers to breathe at 10-second intervals (including breathing in and out), which increases HRV as well as vagus function.8.  LaughterThe infamous saying known as “laughter is the best medicine” is not all talk as it is actually linked with several health benefits, one including stimulating the vagus nerve.A study performed on yoga laughter confirmed increased HRV in the laughter group.However, there are various reports of people fainting from laughter, which could be due to the vagus nerve being stimulated too much.Other instances of fainting come after urination, swallowing, coughing, or bowel movements, all that is due to vagus stimulation.There are also reports of passing out from laughter in people who have a rare syndrome (Angelman’s) that are linked with increased vagus stimulation.Sometimes laughter is a side effect of vagus nerve stimulation.On the other hand, a good chunk of laughter is good for cognitive function and guards against heart diseases. It even increases nitric acid and beta-endorphins and benefits the vascular system.9.  ProbioticsThe brain connects to the gut system through the vagus nerve.Various reports have been surfacing that point to an effect of the gut microbiota on the brain.Animals that were supplemented with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus experienced a number of positive changes in GABA receptors mediated by the vagus nerve.10.  Breathing Exercises If you breathe in and out with resistance, it will potentially stimulate your vagus nerve better in the same manner as jogging with a backpack.A breathing exercise that lets you breathe out as ha rd as you can, will make you uncomfortable, but you will also notice how awake you are.There are not enough studies on this, but it is said to help you with your vagus nerve.11.  PEMFMagnetic fields have also been reported to stimulate the vagus nerve.Some studies conclude that PEMF can increase both vagus stimulation and HRV.You can use a pulse magnetic stimulator called an ICES in your gut and brain to stimulate your vagus nerve, which helps increase your appetite and reduce inflammation.12.  MassagingMassaging can also stimulate your vagus nerve, including the carotid sinus that is located on your neck, which helps reduce seizures.Other than that, the vagus nerve can be activated by a pressure massage.These messages are effective in helping infants gain weight by stimulating gut function, which is largely mediated by vagus nerve activation.Foot massages are also useful in increasing HRV and vagal activity, while also lowering your blood pressure and heart rate, all of which reduc e the risk of developing heart diseases.

The United States Government Federal, State, And Local...

LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Jill Golinski Ohio Univeristy Professional Nursing Practice 4510 Kristen Morgan September 03, 2015 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS The United States government federal, state, and local plays a significant role in developing and delivering health care policies. Today’s issues associated with health policy stem from individual health, the overall health of the country, and economic problems associated with health care (Rosenbaum, 2011). Being a nurse it is important to understand the legislative process, and how political health issues affect how we care for patients. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legislative process, and current political issues affecting health care today. Part 1 Legislative Process The legislative process starts first with an idea. This idea might be from the public, or from government officials. This idea is then turned into a bill, and introduced by a representative to a committee for review. The bill is given a number and is referred to the appropriate committee. If the committee decides the bill should go on further in the process then it continues to a hearing to be voted on, debated or amended. At any point the bill can be killed, and is no longer up for review. If the bill should pass it is then brought to the House or Senate for further review. The bill must be voted by the simple majority ‘(218 of 435)’, and if this occurs it is moved onto the Senate. In the Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee and,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Systems4554 Words   |  19 PagesSTEWART Delivering Healthcare in America: A Systems Approach Leiyu Shi Douglas A. Singh Chapter 1: A Distinctive System of Health Care Delivery Multiple Choice Questions 1. The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: a. Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services b. Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective c. 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Ethnicity and Religion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 900 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Religion Essay Type Admission Essay Level High school Tags: Identity Essay India Essay Did you like this example? Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so mean they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. (Max 650) Are you Christian or are you Indian? This is one question that has been asked of me in my entire schooling career. In 6th grade, my schoolmate nicknamed me ?the coconutwhich meant being brown on the outside but on the inside is white. They came up with this nickname specifically because I was a Christian Indian kid, who was practicing a white religion and yet he was brown-skinned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethnicity and Religion" essay for you Create order Throughout my schooling, people kept on asking me every possible question about my religion and race with most of them having the intentions of wanting to learn and connect how the two interlink, but in most cases, the questions often had negative suggestions for they never expected an Indian to be a Christian. My classmates found it difficult to accept a Christian Indian, so it was understandable. However, they usually had the notion that since I was Indian I automatically had to have good grades. This forced me to work hard in order to prove it to my classmates that it was due to studying that I managed to attain good gradesand not the soalled superhman genes that they believed to be passed through Indians or the everyday potion drink, for such things do not in any way relate with attaining good grades in school. They equally believed that since I was an Indian, I was not supposed to associate myself wiwith any sport. I was usually being told to go do some studies rather wasting my energy in playing sports. This ended up intriguing me, and I kept on asking myself why the color of my skin should signify any skill whatsoever. But as much as they kept on teasing me about this, I ended up being the first pick for volleyball or basketball. And anytime that I challenged them with that they always bounced back by saying that my Christian nature was kicking in and that my religion was contributing towards my good skills in sports. I remember one day when we were in 7th grade, a classmate loudly announced that all Indians were either the super rich CEOs that are usually being featured in the magazines or they were the receiving end of the tech support calls. To my surprise, there were a couple of people who totally agreed with him, as I sat there looking straight at him and at the same time I was stunned at his words. And the next minute I immediately stood up and demanded him to tell me what of the two descriptions he sees me be. He stared straight into my eyes and said that I am a tech support, for to him insulting me was the easiest thing he could do since I outsmarted him in all of the other things in school. When it came to high school, I thought it was the new beginning for me since I no longer had my old nickname but the coconut concept still followed me. My freshman year classes were made up of students who were from different ethnicities. Most of these students were European, Arabs, South Africans and Native American descents, however, all of these students had fair skin. When it came to introducing ourselves, everyone said my name with a lot of uncertainty as they had the confused looks on their faces. I looked Indian, I had the Indian skin tone plus the slight accent, and even my grades could tell that I am Indian. But to them the name Georgi is supposed to be owned by a white, and they kept on wondering how a brown skin with a white name adds up. I remember back in 10th grade we were taught about the violence and destruction that were caused in the 11th century by Crusades, and in the middle of the lesson, a boy in my class turned around and angrily whispered in my ear,Destroying their lives too huh. They should send you back to where you came from. And that was a painful moment for me plus it made me think if he ever told his German girlfriend the same thing. All these experiences started making me become insecure about my ethnicity and religion. I began denying my identity and kept on telling people that since I spent my whole life in America that made me not to be an Indian. And that the reason as to why I am a Christian is because my parents wanted me to be one for it was not my wish. However, in lying and denying my true image I became estranged from my identity. I immediately noticed that I was not being myself. I observed that I was not the fairest or the most handsome people in my class, and neither did I have the biggest muscles nor the best flexibility. But I learned that I had something that others did not have, and that was my identity. My ethnicity and religion were forever part of me, and I should not be disturbed by how other people view my background. I immediately embraced being a Christian, Indian and a brown-skinned kid who was practicing a white religion, but above all, I embraced my true identity: a coconut.

Sammy Free Essays

Sometimes, children feel that they are not given much attention by their parents that is why they tend to do the things that their parents don’t want them to do. Otherwise, they will not know what they really want to do in life. Will there be any possible solution for cases like these? I studied the case of Sammy, a boy who doesn’t want to go to school anymore and we can say that he is a naughty and a rebellious son. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has the feeling of inferiority about himself since his sister looks better than him. His parents are always busy, that they don’t have time to talk to their child anymore, and when they come home early, Sammy always receives complains about the things he usually do and scolds him oftentimes. With this, Sammy somehow becomes disobedient that he can just walk out from them and even brags the door because of irritation. It is showing that the characteristic of Sammy differs from the others, and he could be considered as a problem child wherein his parents as we can assume, considers Sammy to be a difficult one. On the other hand, Sammy do not feel that he is being loved and given an attention that is why, his acts are quite timid. He just like to turn around and walk away because he’d rather be silent than to have quarrels. However, this would greatly influence his personality when he grows up as he doesn’t give justice to the things that he should brought up to his parents. With this, his parents, knowing that criticizing Sammy would help him change, they are being negligent of what’s the feeling of their child towards them. When we speak about the behavior of a child, the first thing that will enter our mind is the parents. Oftentimes, parents escape worrying about their children (O’Connor 2002) like Sammy’s parents. The question that comes to our mind would be, â€Å"how does his parents treat him, how does they control and manage Sam, what is their relationship with Sammy in terms of bonding, and what are the words that they tell Sammy which makes him irritated with them? † With these questions that play in our thoughts, we can come up with some generalizations. One, maybe Sammy’s parents don’t have time to teach him on how to do his homework, ever since he went to school, which made Sammy felt that no one is helping him. Another is that, the way his parents talk to him, is not the way Sammy wants to hear, and they are not aware of what Sammy’s likes and dislikes are. These assumptions will give us a bigger picture of Sammy’s case particularly at home. These affect the behavior of Sammy and will continue unless his parents try to stop it as soon a possible. According to some research, effective parenting skills are a critical indicator of positive outcomes for kids. One solution would be according to Dr. O’ Connor (2002) that His parents should intervene to Sammy’s behavior in school, and make a plan together with his teacher to reinforce and encourage his positive behaviors. With regard to his action of simply walking away, his parents should properly talk to him seriously. Emotional regulation and understanding (Leventhal, 2007), should be developed and should be engage in levels of pretend play (Lindsey and Colwell). Sammy’s action should be assessed in order to determine how to solve the conflict between them (Zahn-Walker, Friedman, Cole, Mizuta, and Hiruma, 1996). Even though Sammy’s parents are busy, there should be a time in which they will spend quality time with their siblings. This is to be able to know some updates about their child and to be able to observe their behavior, attitude and personality as they grow up. This will give an open communications within their family and Sammy will not hesitate to ask some things that he wants to know. No favoritism between siblings should be shown, as it will give a negative impact to the child’s eyes. As early as now, if Sammy’s parents try to consult experts in this scenario, then there is still a big chance for Sammy to change for the better. In this study, I have learned in the end that parents play a great role in the reshaping the behavior of their children. Love, trust, encouragement must be present and certain strategies must be observed. All these should result in a positive outcome of a child’s behavior. The parents should also learn how to control their anger whenever their child has done something wrong, and punishment could be done in some other ways that the child will not get hurt, to the point that he will take revenge. As a student, I have also learned that I should have a good conversation with my parents, try to show them that they are also given the respect that they needed because I know now, how hard it is to be a parent. It is not easy to deal with your children even though they are your own, with the same blood and staying under the same roof. I will not be stubborn and will be obedient to my parents and show them how I love them. How to cite Sammy, Papers Sammy Free Essays Sammy is observant and watches everything that goes on in the store while he cashiers because the Job can get a little boring and he can also by easily distracted y something. His observations, so marvelously acute and precisely and delightfully expressed† (WEB) When these girls walk in, he becomes very observant. He notices the patterns of the bikinis they are wearing. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also notices the way one of them has the strings on the top. Once they start to talk, he fgures out who is the leader. He calls her queenie, and he is very fond of her. He notices by the way she is walking and talking that no doubt she is the leader and the other two are her followers. Sammy is different but acts like a normal cashier in this story. He is not important and does not stand out compared to his coworkers. Sammy wants the girls to notice him, so he feels the need to try to be different. â€Å"Sammy notices the gulf between them; the only way he can get them to notice him to differentiate himself from what he sees, through their eyes as the provincialism of the small town that insists on â€Å"decent dress† in its supermarket. † (126) He wants to stand out from the rest of the people in the store, such as, customers and coworkers. He calls this coworker a drone and customers sheep, which is very different and strange. Not many normal teens do that, and nothing makes Sammy any more special than the rest of the people in the store. Sammy is dissatisfied and quits his Job. â€Å"Sammy is not frustrated because he cannot woo queenie but because of the length of time because of the time he has been working at the supermarket and his daily encounters with customers. † (Web) His manager decides to tell the girls something about the way they are dressed. Sammy thinks his manager disrespected them, he stands up for them and quits. He is hoping the girls would notice and like it but they do not notice. Sammy becomes very dissatisfied with his decision when he walks outside and notices the girls are gone. Then again, he did not really like the Job anyway, considering he realized this opened up a door for new opportunities. Sammy starts to think about his decision more and more, wondering if he has made the right choice. At the end of this story, he is a different Sammy. He became were worth quitting for. He thought by being different he would have gotten their attention. He also thought he would have been satisfied with his decision, but he begins to question his decision. How to cite Sammy, Papers

Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values

Question: Discuss about the Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values. Answer: Introduction Pyalong Pet Foods is one of the major Pet Food Company in Australia, which was established in the year of 1990. It was established by Dr Roberto Inaldo along with his daughter Sandra. She has completed her degree in the business from the Deakin University. The company was initiated in a country town, which is 100 km away from the north side of Melbourne. The area of operation of the company was limited to the backyards of the house of the founder. The healthy business environment for the Pet Foods in Australia has helped the company to flourish in the new regions and therefore was able to expand. One of the main reasons for the success of the company is due to the strong principles, which has been followed. At present, it is one of the leading cat and dog food suppliers in all the veterinary shops of Australia. The company has currently aimed to expand their business in Malaysia and thus it is important for them to collect information related to the business environment of Malaysia The net profit level of the company was reported to be $5.4 million dollar with the sales record of $37.3 million dollar in the last financial year. Over the last 15 years, the sales of the company have increased by 10.9%. The company has encountered sales profit of 15%, which is consistent throughout the year. The level of competition of the pet food industry in Australia has increased in the recent time and hence, it is a challenging task for the company to deal with this competitive environment. This report analyses the external market condition, where Pyalong Pet Foods is operating their business, which includes the economic and political condition of the business. The future trends of the market are also discussed which will help the company to prepare for the entire future scenario. Economic Factors The total value of the GDP of Malaysia is valued to be 1.62 trillion Malaysian dollar on 2015. The nation is one of the largest mixed economic markets of the world and it is the 12thlargest national economy of the world. The GDP of the nation accounts for 1.7% of the total economy of the globe. The nation is also the 19th largest importer and exporter of the world (Sirat 2015). The economy of the nation is dominated by the service sector of the as it comprises 68% of the GDP. According to Mustapha (2016), the growth the economic sector of Malaysia is dependent on services like mining and agriculture as the products of this sector largely got exported in the Asian countries. At present, the GDP of Malaysia is higher than major nations of the globe like Germany, UK and France. In terms of per capita income the country of the nation is considered to be 5th largest in the world with $51,000. The high rate of GDP is thus one of the prime factors, which has helped Pyalong Pet Foods to expand their business and improve the profit margin. The pet foods are considered to be one of the luxurious needs for the people. However, with high level of income within the people, it is possible for the people to easily buy of the luxurious products. However, during the time of recession, the rate of unemployment with in the nation increased to 10.8% from the value of 3.4% and the value of GDP has also fallen due to its effect (Mustapha 2016). The level of consumer price also rose during the time from the third quarter of 2016 to 1.3%as a result the business of various products had suffered due to poor sales record. From the time of 1951 to 2016, the average value of inflation is 5.1%. The occasional high rate of inflation in the economy of Malaysia is one of the biggest challenges, which is faced by the Pyalong Pet Food. The service trade is one of the significant parts of the economy of the nation. China is the biggest trade partner of Malaysia. Japan is another important trading partner, which exports coal, iron ore and beef. Other trading partners include United States, Korea and Singapore. The free trade agreements, which is passed by the government of Malaysia has helped to encourage the trade pathways. Political Factors Malaysia is considered to be one of the most politically stable nations of the world, which is safe place for making all types of business investments. The political system of Malaysia consists of federal parliamentary system, where the parliamentarians are elected using the policies of the federal principles (Barraclough and Morrow 2016). The country operates with the help of the two party political systems, which is selected by the system of voting. The prime minister of the country holds the highest position within the administration followed by the cabinet ministers of individual departments. The basis of the governance is based on the liberal democratic system, which consists of religious tolerance along with the freedom of speech and expression. The constitution of the nation provides the guidelines, which helps to decide the responsibilities of the government. The government of Malaysia takes important and implemented policies regarding the business polices. The taxation system has helped business organization like Pyalong Pet Foods to implement the marketing strategy of their choice, which will help them to promote the sales. The trade policies made by the government have also encouraged the companies to improve the trade business. The government of Malaysia has also maintained a healthy relation with the foreign nations like China, Japan and US, which has helped them to facilitate the trade process. According to Blaikie (2016), one of the major political risks, which is faced by the government of Malaysia is due to the high level of debt. Hence, they may be forced to increase the level of business taxes. This budget, which is passed by the government, may also affect the business environment. Blaikie (2016), have added that the high level of corruption, within the political system of Malaysia is also one of the reasons for concern, which will affect the business environment of the nation. The high level of corruption within the nation has resulted in low ranking of Malaysia in the international corruption index. Presently, Malaysia ranks 13 in the global ranking for corruption. Legal factors The stable political system in Malaysia has resulted in one of the most transparent legal system of the nation. As there is high level of corruption in the country, the government has to implement strict laws, which will help maintain a healthy business environment for companies like Pyalong Pet Foods. According to Ismail (2013), the legal system of Malaysia gives total independence to the judiciary system, which ensures that the fundamental rights of every citizen are protected and all the business organizations can safely implement the marketing policies. The constitution of Malaysia gives equal freedom to both Malaysians and non-Malaysians and therefore, it helps to improve the business relation with other foreign countries. In the federal structure of the government, the power is distributed equally between the government and state. There are nine legal systems within Malaysia, which helps to improve the federal structure of the nation. The new laws are made by the parliament, and are executed by the executive government organization. It is the duty of the judiciary system to monitor, whether the acts are implemented in a proper manner. The government of Malaysia has implemented four types of business structure namely sole traders, trust, companies and partnerships. This gives wide range of opportunity for the foreign investors to do their business in Malaysia. The foreign companies need to register using the business laws, which are implemented by the government. In order to obtain a premise for the business, it is important for the companies like Pyalong Pet Foods to make sure that they take the lease of land and also make legal contract with the owners. Pyalong Pet Foods also need to employ the Workplace Regulation Act 1996 to ensure that rights of the owner and the employees are protected. There is also the Fair Work Act 2009, which helps to ensure that all the employees of the company get the right amount of salary for the labor they are providing. It is the duty of all the employers to ensure that the workers could work in a safe and healthy environment in the workplace (Ismail 2016). With the favorable business environment, Malaysia is one of the favorite destinations for the foreign investors. The robust economy of the country along with the strategic location is capable enough to attract all the investors from the globe. The foreign investors have been able to utilize the entire infrastructure, which is present in the nation. Being one of the resource rich countries, Malaysia is highly dependent on the foreign investments for the last two centuries. With high rate of inflow of the foreign capital the people of Malaysia has enjoyed higher rate of growth. The FDI is considered to be one of the best forms investments as there is a high rate of cash flow within the society and there is also high of commitment from the investors. During the period of 1970s the flow of the foreign investment in Malaysia is regulated by the foreign exchange flow, which is controlled by the policies of the federal government. The policy of the foreign investment was regulated by the government during the time of and in the year of 1975 the government officially launched the formal policy of foreign investment. The government also encouraged the policy of foreign investment, which will help to deal with all the issues related to foreign investment. Agriculture, mining and forestry industry are the major places, where most of the f oreign investment in Malaysia takes place. The equity operation is one of the major policies, which encouraged with the foreign flow of cash within Malaysia (Claessens, Ghosh and Mihet 2013). During the period of 1960s and 1980s there was high level of restrictions within the foreign policy for the business investment, which was made in Malaysia. The restriction added with that of the barriers in the trade, has resulted in the misallocation of the funds, which was invested in the business. The rate of capital productivity dropped by 30% during this period and it lower the rate of economic growth of the country (Edrak et al. 2014). The high level of protection in the trade policies during the time it has also resulted in economic wave of nationalism, which resulted in the loss of foreign acqucions and loss of jobs within the nations. After the period of 1980, the flow of the foreign investment policy changed significantly, this also improved the rise of the rate of GDP. During the period of 1980-2006, the level of foreign investment rose from 30% to 150%. In the GDP of Malaysia, the contribution of the foreign direct investment had grown from 15% to 35% (Edrak et al. 2014). Three of the major nations, which have contributed to most of the foreign cash flow in Malaysia, include US, UK and Japan. As per the report of 2013, these three counties have contributed to nearly 55% of the total foreign investment that is done Malaysia. The flow of foreign cash from these countries increased significantly during the period of 1980 to 2013. On the other hand, the investment made by the Malaysian companies in the foreign countries includes include New Zealand, UK and US. These are top three destinations for foreign investment made by Malaysia. The outflow of the foreign cash, which is made by Malaysia rose significantly during the time of 1980 to 2013 from 43.4% to 49.5%. In the year of 1983 UK accounted for just 3.9% of the total foreign cash outflow from Malaysia. By 1998, the amount rose to 20%, which was contributed by the high rate of the foreign policies implemented by the government of Malaysia (Goh and Tham 2016). It is duty of the Malaysian government, to ensure that outflow and the inflow of the foreign cash is monitored, which will ensure that there is no mal-practice, which is being implemented by the foreign investors. The government body regulates the national security, taxation policies and other legal aspects related to the business, which is needed to access the information related to that of the foreign cash and investments. It is also the duty of the foreign investors to ensure that they access the information related to that of foreign policies of Malaysia. The Banking Act 1959 and the Financial Sector Act 1998 was implemented to encourage the foreign investments in the banking and financial sectors. There is also the Airports Act 1996, which encouraged the foreign ownership within the Airports of Malaysia. The shipping regulation act of 1981 has helped the foreign companies to regulate the ship operation (Nordin and Ghani 2015). The government of Malaysia also allows the export market development grants in order to ensure that the all the Malaysian companies can invest and perform trade with all the other nations. The Malaysian business organizations, which have individual or partnership in a company are all eligible for the export grants. However, this grant is mainly for the small and the medium scale industries and hence, the companies having income level of more than $50 million are not eligible for this grant (Leong 2014). For a company like the Pyalong Pet Foods the grant will help to ensure that they are able to expand their business in new countries of the world. Moreover, the high level of investment that is received by Malaysia will also allow the company to expand by attracting foreign investors. Under the policy of the Export Market Development Grant, the Pyalong Pet Foods can also access the right to receive more foreign cash and thereby expand the sales market in the new nations of the world. A ll the products made in Malaysia are eligible for this grant as it helps to improve the record of sales and also improve the financial status of the company. On the other hand with high rate of foreign cash inflow within Malaysia, the small and the medium scale companies within the nations has to face tough level of competition from the cheaper foreign products, which is being sold within the consumer markets. The major international rivals from the pet food companies have posed tough competition. Pyalong Pet Foods need to implement effective marketing strategy to make sure that they are able to gain competitive advantage over the rivals. As the company is planning to expand their business in Malaysia, it is essential for them to collect necessary information related to the foreign investment, which is made in Malaysia. It is essential for Pyalong Pet Foods to understand the importance of the financial system to that of Malaysia. The principle system of banking in Malaysia is aimed to promote the business environment and also promote foreign investments. There are three main types of banks, which are available in Malaysia. The central bank, which comprises of the monetary institution, non-monetary institutions that includes all the insurance and the credit card companies and foreign banks that has its base on the foreign countries, are the three major types of banking system in Malaysia (Oladimeji, Aziz and Khairi 2016). Socio-cultural To determine the market for pet food in Malaysia and expand the business to West Malaysia, it is necessary to have an understanding of the key values and traditions of the country. The culture of Malaysia reflects a mixed culture dominated by Malay, Chinese, Indian and Eurasian culture (Shamsul 2016). All are living unified in the country and the mixed Malaysian culture means a positive growth of business for the Pyalong Pet food company. The culture of Malaysia and Australia can be compared through the hofstede dimension which determines the difference in culture of both countries. In terms of power distance index, the score for Malaysia is high indicating that the country accepts hierarchal order (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). On the contrary this score is low for Australia which means here superiors are always accessible. As Malaysia is a collectivist society, its individualism score is 26 which means collectivist culture dominates countries laws and regulations and Australia has a highly individualist culture (Jano et al. 2015). The masculinity score for Malaysia is 50 while the same score for Australia is 61. It reflects that Malaysia has a high quality of life and caring culture, while Australian resolves conflicts on individual level. Malaysia has low long-term orientation due to normative culture and the same is for Australia too. Apart from this, Malaysia has a culture of indulgence which might favor the expansio n of Pyalongs Company business (Abdollah et al. 2016). The knowledge of linguistic affinity of the country is also important and Malay is the main language spoken in the country. As this is an Australian language spoken mostly in Philippines, Thailand and Island in Australia, grasping this language might be easier for Pyalong Pet Companys staff. However, English is the main language of business and it has lead to rapid industrialization of business. Secondary to linguistic knowledge is the knowledge of the business communication style in Malaysia. To keep up with the interest of business agents in Malaysia, the main business communication style in Malaysia is related to maintaining politeness and diplomacy during interaction. The manager of Pyalong needs to interact in a way that develops a sense of harmony with new contacts in the country (Bakar et al. 2014). Conclusion It is thus important for Pyalong Pet Foods to use the necessary information relevant to the business environment of Malaysia to ensure that they are able to make significant profit from the nation. It is important that they use the policies of foreign investment of Malaysia to ensure that no unfair means are used in the business polices. This will also help them to gain competitive advantage over other pet food companies of Malaysia. Moreover, the stable political and economic condition along with the business friendly policies of the government will also provide good opportunity for the business to expand in the nation. Reference Abdollah, I.I., Abdullah, F. and Voon, B.H., 2016. Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values in the Context of Consumer Research.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,224, pp.421-428. Bakar, H.A., Walters, T. and Halim, H., 2014. Measuring communication styles in the Malaysian workplace: Instrument development and validation.Journal of Intercultural Communication Research,43(2), pp.87-112. Barraclough, S. and Morrow, M., 2016. Tobacco and the Malays: ethnicity, health and the political economy of tobacco in Malaysia.Ethnicity Health, pp.1-15. Blaikie, P., 2016.The political economy of soil erosion in developing countries. Routledge. Claessens, S., Ghosh, S.R. and Mihet, R., 2013. Macro-prudential policies to mitigate financial system vulnerabilities.Journal of International Money and Finance,39, pp.153-185. Edrak, B.B., Gharleghi, B., Fah, B.C.Y. and Tan, M., 2014. Critical Success Factors Affecting Malaysia'SMEs through Inward FDI: Case of Service Sector.Asian Social Science,10(16), p.131. Goh, S.K. and Tham, S.Y., 2013. Trade linkages of inward and outward FDI: Evidence from Malaysia.Economic Modelling,35, pp.224-230. Ismail, S., 2013. Critical success factors of public private partnership (PPP) implementation in Malaysia.Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration,5(1), pp.6-19. Jano, Z., Noor, S.M., Ahmad, R., Saad, M.S.M., Saadan, R., Bokhari, M. and Abdullah, A.N., 2015. Website Usability and Cultural Dimensions in Malaysian and Australian Universities.Asian Social Science,11(9), p.1. Leong, Y.S., 2014.Relationship between incoterms choices, selection factors and export performance: A case of manufacturing companies in Malaysia(Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia). Mustapha, R., 2016. Transforming Education toward K-Economy in Malaysia.Educare,6(1). Nordin, S. and Ghani, G.B.M., 2015. Trade Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment in Malaysia.Information Management and Business Review,7(6), pp.11-23. Oladimeji, M.A., Aziz, M.R.A. and Khairi, K.F., 2016. Regulatory Requirements for Establishment and Operation of Islamic Banking System: A Proposed Model with Primary Requirements.Journal of Islamic Legal Studies,2(1), pp.40-54. Shamsul, A.B., 2016. Review: Museums, History, and Culture in Malaysia by Abu Talib Ahmad. Sirat, M., 2015. The Humanities, General Education and the Push Towards Knowledge-based Economy in Malaysia,9(2), pp.377-396.

Oncidium Business Consulting Case Analysis

Oncidium Business Consulting is a company that traces its roots back in the 1970s. The Richard Ivey Business School at The University of Western Ontario was operating summer assistance programs for small and native businesses in Southwestern Ontario through the subsidies it was getting from the Federal government.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Oncidium Business Consulting Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The programs were soliciting the services of 15 students each summer since undergraduate and graduate students sought relevant work during their four-month break. At some point, the programs lost the federal support hence making it necessary to reduce the number of students who were initially participating in the program. Ivey continued with the program under the name Ivey Business Consulting Group. Some of the restrictions that characterized the program were eliminated but its startup was ne vertheless characterized by many problems. The program was run each summer by different groups of students. Jane Richards, the Founder of Oncidium Business Consulting joined the IBCG program in 2001 and was elected the practice’s manager. Richards graduated from the university in 2001, a period during which IBCG was experiencing many problems and the firm was unstable. As a result, she proposed that the program be converted into an arm of Ivey and be operated all year round. She argued that Ivey had enough resources and the Canadian market was in dire need of ideas on how to increase its growth. She was given an office in the school in order to anchor the idea firmly and in 2002; she transformed IBCG into a proprietorship.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Richards constituted an advisory board comprised of academicians and entrepreneurs to advise and mentor her. I BCG opened an office in Toronto in September 2003 and hired additional staff. It continued to grow exponentially year after year between 2003 and 2005. Ivey decided to withdraw from the firm in 2004 and that was when Oncidium Business Consulting was born. Its services included strategic plans, market assessment, and market research to clients of all natures. Oncidium continued to register remarkable growth in 2006 and 2007. However in 2006, Richards started feeling like a stranger in her own company. This was happening despite the fact that she had founded the company and worked hard to see it grow. She could see a promising financial future for the company but the present had turned into a disappointment and unhappy scenario for Richards who wondered what she was doing in the company. Richards revisited revenue generation which was the performance metric agreed upon during the formation of the company. This was an easily measurable and quantifiable metric but only Maria had achieve d it. However, she got the lowest equity while Simon and Stephen who had not hit the targets got the highest and even Richards doubled theirs. Richards struggled to make the decision on whether to give them the equity when they had not achieved the performance metric since her mentors had suggested that nobody was to deviate from the set performance metrics. However, she felt that failure to give them the equity was bound to cause them to leave and she was not ready to build new relationships. She also felt that they were not skilled in revenue generation but they compensated in execution and delivery.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Oncidium Business Consulting Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, the ownership of the stakes is perceived as inequitable by the other partners in the company. Simon and Stephen deal with delivery which is scalable since they have the support of other emplo yees in the company. Richards on the other hand deals with revenue generation which is an individual effort and feels that she bears the brunt. Whenever she is in the office, she feels Simon and Stephen feel that she should be outside selling projects. As a result, Richards feels that what she has done for the company is not appreciated and Simon and Stephen feel that the internal management of the company they are concerned with has a greater value than what Richards does. Differences have been growing everyday between Richards and her three partners in the company. This has been heightened by the fact that the three partners have been conducting secret meetings to strategize on how to throw Richards out of the company. Simon and Stephen have constituted a projects delivery team that is comprised of young individuals in their early 20s while Richards is in her mid 30s. This group bonds very well and after office, they go clubbing while Richards does not. This makes her an outsider in her own company. As the firm continues to grow in the presence of younger staff, the skills-set has been broken down. Richard’s idea of focusing on strategy-based assignments which bring in more dollars per assignment has been highly contested by the other partners. Simon and Stephen feel that the strategy is too competitive and Oncidium lacks the resources and skills to measure up to the standards of well established and financially stable consultancies.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the financial statements, it is evident that Oncidium Business Consulting has been registering remarkable growth since 2005. The firm therefore has potential for continued growth in the future if the current problems are comprehensively addressed. The firm has strong capital base as portrayed by the revenue collected in the financial statement. However, there is need to regulate the equities and liabilities since they seem to go up every subsequent year. This is not a good sign because it might destabilize the firm. Generally, the profits of the firm portray an impressive potential since there is increment in every subsequent year. It is important for Richards and her partners to work together for the sake of the success of the firm. The following are some of the recommendations that may be useful in a bid to resolve the current standoff in the firm. The first recommendation is that Richards should hold a meeting with the rest of the partners and discuss with them the concerns that make her feel no longer comfortable in the firm. The second recommendation is that Richards should contact her advisory team and inform it of the current situation in the firm for appropriate advice on how to approach the matter. The third recommendation is that a review of the nature of the roles of each one of them should be reviewed. The fourth recommendation is that a strict and open system should be put in place to determine who should join the firm. Richards should also be involved in selecting individuals who join the firm. The sixth recommendation is that she could consider the short gun clause in the partnership agreement and leave the firm. The best recommendation is to conduct a review of the roles and responsibilities of all the partners in the firm. This includes reviewing the practicality of the metrics set for each partner. The best way to do this is to conduct the advisors of the firm and hold a meeting with all the partners. Since the advisors are knowledgeable people in such matters they can advise on the most appropriate course of action in such situations. They would also reiterate on the importance of valuing the input of all the partners in the firm. This case study on Oncidium Business Consulting Case Analysis was written and submitted by user Jeram1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Flowers Essay

The Flowers Essay The Flowers Essay "...the days had never been as beautiful as these...each day a golden surprise." Surprise is the element Alice Walker presents in her story "The Flowers." It is at the heart of the meaning of this story which is driven forward by imagery, setting, and diction. In the beginning of the story, Walker utilizes diction that creates an atmosphere of euphoric childhood innocence. Myop, the main character, "skipped lightly." Walker describes the harvests, which evince "excited little tremors" in Myop as she anticipates the new day. This jocund diction continues into the second paragraph. Specifically, Myop feels "light and good" in the heat of the warm sun. In addition, ten year old Myop creates her own world in which nothing exists "but her song." In line 8, the use of onomatopoeia, "tat-de'ta'ta" reinforces the idea of a happy, carefree youth. Paragraph three, however, marks a small yet significant shift in the passage. Walker begins the paragraph with "Turning her back on the rusty boards of her family's sharecropper cabin, Myop..." Myop's world is not behind her, but moves forward to the familiar woods. As the story progresses, there is a significant shift in paragraphs four and five. Walker begins to prepare the reader for her profound conclusion. While Myop has often explored the woods behind the house with her mother, today she sets out alone and "made her own path." As she walks through the woods, she cautiously keeps an eye out for snakes. The solitude of her journey, and the possibility of danger, builds suspense and prepares the reader for the dark surprise of the ending. The diction of paragraphs four and five also contributes to the sudden shift in the passage. While the diction in the beginning was blithe, describing "beautiful," the language in paragraph five is negative, foreshadowing the conclusion. Specifically, Myop is disoriented by the, "strangeness of the land." It was "not as pleasant" as her usual expeditions. Furthermore, words such as "gloomy" and "damp" reiterate the dark setting and prepare the reader for

Ethics and Public Official Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and Public Official - Essay Example According to the constitution, assuming a state statute fixes compensation and salaries of an office, the salaries and compensation will be attached to and cannot be separated from the office. In summary, the office will not return the benefits or pay of the second office, or basically refusing to accept the compensation to avoid being taken of holding two emolument civil offices. Additionally, the constitution ascertains that the entity of the government cannot eliminate the benefit or pay to a county officer to avoid the holding issue of a dual office. When Lino takes the additional duties in the Attorney’s office he will not create the violation in the second office. There is no conflict of offices if Lino decides to hold the two offices. This is because under many circumstances, an officer who enforces law is not taken to be an office for the sake of constitutional holding limitations for a dual office. Therefore, it is very possible that Lino can hold both positions as a County Commissioner and an Assistant District Attorney this is because the two offices are not categorized as incompatible. Conflicting loyalties limits the person from holding two offices simultaneously when their interest of the two entities conflict and election of a single public office would compromise other office interest. The position of a county commissioner and that of An Assistant District Attorney have no conflicting loyalties between them. This is attributed to the fact that the policy of objectives of the two offices do not conflict in any area. The compatibility doctrine between the two positions will not protect the county’s institution integrity through promotion of impaired services by the official. Additionally, according to the law, two positions have issues of conflicting loyalty when they are public offices. County Commissioner and Assistant District Attorney Position are both public offers. But

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Thesis

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Alternative Jet Fuel Production - Thesis Example This is so because once contacted, the experts get enough time to respond to the questions when they find it convenient. The first people to be approached to collect information are Clearfuels Technology Inc. which is already in the demonstration process of the F-T processes to convert organic waste into fuels. The company was started in the year 998 at Aiea, Hawaii. The company engages in thermo-chemical conversion of various renewable feed-stocks into biofuels. The energy products include ethanol, hydrogen, electrical power, Fischer-Tropsch diesel and so on. The company works as a subsidiary of Rentech (ClearFuels). The next important company will be the Solena Fuels. It is a sustainable energy company which produces sustainable non-petroleum sources liquid fuels. It is a private company with its headquarters in Washington DC. From the website of the company, it is found that for questions and enquiries, the CFO of the company is to be contacted (Solena Fuels). In addition, the U.S Energy Information Administration will also be approached to collect information. Visiting the website, the contact information of the department will be collected. Thereafter, an email will be sent seeking permission to conduct an interview (U.S Energy Information Administration). Similar steps will be taken in the case of Solena Group too. Another important person is Robert Malina of the Laboratory for Aviation and Environment. The expert is engaged in the study of FT jet fuels. The contact information of the person will be collected by visiting the website of Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment (Laboratory for Aviation and Environment). In the email, the subject box will point out the purpose of mail. Thereafter, the body of the mail will contain details of the situation and purpose of interview. Thereafter, the mail will state the need to have first-hand information from an expert. Also, the mail will detail how I decided to

Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay

Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay Peter Hunt writes that some idea of a child or childhood motivates writers and determines both the form and content of what they write (2009a, p13). Prompting that an authors choice of book type and content stems from their image of the child they are writing for, elements of which come from their own ideology of society and childhood often shaped by their own lifestyles. It is arguable however if the authors idea of childhood is indeed their motivation or if there are other factors in their writing that point to an additional agenda. In considering Hunts statement we will see the changing childhood ideologies of Victorian and postmodern realism in Louisa May Alcotts, Little Women (1868), and Melvin Burgesss Junk (1996), and also the differing concept of childhood in fantasy literature with Phil Pullmans, Northern Lights (2004). It is also significant to discover what constitutes the authors notion of childhood in their books, and if there are external elements which can shape the co ntent and form of childrens books such as mass marketing and the commodifying of children. Early childrens literature was highly didactic and as Zipes (2009) suggests even the earliest renderings of fairytales were designed to turn children into the type of adults their societies would prefer. Its First Golden Age from the later half of the nineteenth century introduced a change in how we viewed children, we began to celebrate the joys of childhood, (Carpenter, 2009) the most notable books entertained and also gave their readers a sense of empowerment and individuality. An example of such a novel is Louisa May Alcotts Little Women, following the narrative tradition of domestic and informative stories for girls such as Sarah Fieldings The Governess (1749), and ostensibly remaining within the conservative restrictions of her era, Alcott presents the contemporary life of four sisters growing up during the American civil war. Her book, written as a request by her publisher to fill a niche in the market, is to all appearances moralistic and patriarchal. The title, as phrased by the childrens father little women'(Alcott,1868, p12)  [1]  exemplifies the Victorian ideal of childhood, where children were seen as miniature adults and taught the puritan morals to be dutiful , obedient , hard-working and God-fearing (Styles,2009), puritan John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress(1678) is used extensively throughout the book . Little Womens third person omniscient narration is also in quite a condescending adult voice effecting to keep the March girls as children who need guidance, even when they mature, Amys lecture did Laurie good, though, of course, he did not own it till long afterward (LW, p384).The narrators frequent interjections with opinions and views guides the readers into making the required conclusions, thereby giving instruction to its girl readership on how to be good wives and mothers. Arguably however as Fetterley (2009) suggests there are statements within the novel that portray an undercurrent of ambivalence, showing Alcotts perhaps true feelings to opportunities available according to gender and class, depicted primarily in her portrayal of Jo an antagonistic of the submissive young girl of the times. Alcott herself was rather an oddity of her time, a spinster, woman activist and the family breadwinner, her motivation to write was often purely financial (Alderson, 2008). Accordingly Jo is often seen as based on Alcott, portrayed as a talented headstrong writer, Beths words You are the gull, Jo, strong and wild, fond of the storm and the wind, flying far out to sea, and happy all alone.'(LW, p361), echo Alcotts own lifestyle, yet could also be seen as advice to her girl readers to embrace their freedom, rather than their expected domesticity. Even the outwardly repressive marmee, and her ideas of marriage the sweetest chapter in the romance of womanhood (LW, p95), also states better be happy old maids than unhappy wives'(LW, p95). She also occasionally shows her ambivalence to her life, Mother isnt sick, only very tired, (LW, p 109), as Hannah their housemaid points out housekeeping aint no joke (LW, p109) and as Alcott is perhaps trying highlight, domesticity is not so wonderful a role to aspire to. Alcott quite understandably given her precincts denied any subversion in her novel yet it is arguable that it contains many instances of her own childhood. In her journal she recalls the daily drudgery and struggle of her mother as she strived to sustain her family while her father as in LW gave little help (Alderson, 2008). Alcott used the then accepted ideal of the quintessential patriarchal Victorian family childhood and her own family memories to give form and content to her book. The March girls are lost in their own wonderful family plays and games, a loving safe playful family unit that nurtured and trained the child, giving much needed stability to a society shaken by war. This was not however Alcotts only motivation, she disliked her own novel as she says I do not enjoy writing moral tales for the you ng, I do it because it pays well (Alcott cited in Alderson, 2008, pxxiii), and her covert messages of rebellion, portray distaste in the directives which shape the young, especially girls, to be compliant adults. Her novel is also motivated and shaped by her social stance on opportunities available to the gender, class and race of her time, Little Women represents childhood as preparing for future roles, yet covertly it also uses its representation with the potential to disturb societal expectations. Over a century later Melvin Burgess again fills a publisher recognised niche in the teenage market also focusing on the adolescent experience, Junk is unrestrained from nineteenth century conservatism in its graphic depiction of the fall of two runaways into prostitution and drugs. Burgess states children or young people should read about their lives not idealistically but as they really are, his characters are not invented but based on his memories of real people, he also does not preach to his readers yet allows them to evolve their own conclusions, (Burgess, 2009). It has been said Junk neither glamorises nor demonises drug addiction (Falconer, 2009, p375), yet Junk conceals a strong sense of morality within its text, its principles obscured so the book appears to be non didactic or opinionated and so appeal to Burgesses idea of the modern teenager. Junks individual character narration lends to a documentary style of neutrality, yet textual guides bring the reader to the required conclusions, as Tar says If you dont mind not reaching twenty theres no argument against heroin, is there?'(Burgess, 1996, p166)  [2]  , Gemma is the spoilt little runaway child How do you think her parents feel? asked Vonny. They were just keeping her in. Its not like Tar is it?'(Junk, p75). The events have a moralistic ending, Gemma recognises they have all been deceiving themselves and condemns them all to their fate; her own is to be a single mother. Such reality based writing lends itself as Tucker(2009) says to the authors belief that childhood is primarily a transitional stage leading to adulthood giving readers the truth is seen as providing them with an important aid to their own eventual better understanding of themselves and others (p190). Junk follows this form well, Burgess gives his child readers autonomy in interpretation, viewing them not as innocents, but inexperienced young people, who need empowerment and guidance to make the right decisions. As we have seen i t is impossible to read Junk and come out defending heroin or the runaway, it could be said that Burgess brings Alcotts moral tale for the young into todays modern world. Yet in challenging the ideology of the innocent child, Junks view of childhood is at the opposite end of the spectrum to that of Little Women, he dispels the nostalgic innocence critics connect with childhood. His explicitness Lily said, Ive been a little prossie for half an hour (Junk, p158) foregrounds how altering conceptions of the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can cause both controversy and anxiety among consumers (Squires, 2009, p189), leading to Burgess having to defend his authorial intent over the charge of sensationalism. In response to criticism from Anne Fines, and defending the explicit nature of his books, Burgess says Underneath Annes whole article is that same nasty sneer I remember from when I was small How revolting. Arent you a dirty little boy? the same attitude which was exactly what made me want to write the thing in the first place (Burgess, 2004). It could then be suggested that part of his motivation was indeed to rebel against as he calls it the moral majority (Burg ess, 2009, p317), and stretch the boundaries of appropriate childhood reading matter. Nevertheless saying that drugs and underage sex are what teenagers want to read about could perhaps show that Burgess himself has a distorted idea of todays childhood. An idea he needed to uphold in order to construct his model of the non-reading (conceivably moronic) teenager and defend the sensationalism of his novel, he is perhaps modelling his child to suit the aspirations of his book. Junks content worked as a hook for his teenage audience and also generated him much publicity, conceivably showing another aspect of his motivation, content and form set to shock the critics, produce an outcry and gain him notoriety, all in addition to providing teenagers realistic age related literature. His post modern realism , takes the assumption that children are not innocent, but they still need guidance, also that in order to connect with todays child , this guidance must be hidden allowing the reader per ceived autonomy in their decisions. Burgess also shows a sad irony in the loss of childhood, Gemma wanted a slice of life'(Junk, p161) but could only find this in leaving home, unlike the March girls, in Junk childhood was something to be quickly left behind in order to really live. An authors understanding of childhood as Hunt says can influence the form of their writing , those who see childhood more as an end to itself may prefer literature that is clearly more fantasy based (Tucker, 2009, p190). Phil Pullmans Northern Lights conforms to this ideology using a fantasy world to rewrite the biblical story of creation. Eighteenth century philosopher Rousseau stated that Nature wants children to be children before they are men (Jenks, cited in Hunt, 2009, p23), he believed childhood should be a time of innocence , with children allowed to grow at their own pace not forced into civilisation. Pullmans similar view on childhood freedom is apparent in Northern Lights , Lyra is safe and happy in the freedom of Jordon College, What she liked best was clambering over the college roofs'(Pullman, 2004, p36)  [3]  , as she grows her freedom is stifled by the intervention of her mother, state and church . Poet William Blake also used Rousseaus concept of natural innocence, corrupted by adult intervention, and Pullman uses Blakes contraries and commentary on Miltons Paradise Lost to reverse the morality of the biblical fall to celebrate knowledge (Squires, 2009, p278). He advocates the co-existence of good and evil (body and soul) and free will, which the church refuses to, acknowledge (Bird, 2009, p264). As such Northern Lights, casts an unfavourable light on how religious fundamentalism suppresses knowledge, the Magisterium symbolising the church is shown as repression and death, killing the children whose souls or daemons it removes as it endeavors to preserve innocence all that happens is a little cut, and then everythings peaceful .For Ever!at the age we call pubertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦daemons bring all sorts of troublesome thoughts and feelings (NL, p283). Pullmans idea of the child is shown in Lyra, her innocence and freedom of mind give her the ability, unlike adults, to easily read the alethiometer, Lyras childlike state'(Squires,2009, p281) when reading makes her feel like a young bird learning to fly'(NL, p152). Which is a suitable metaphor for how she represents Pullmans main concepts of innocence and experience, seeing similar attributes in young people giving them the ability to deal with significant issues free from outside influence; as he says he hopes that young readers will finish à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦having gained the understanding that trusting ones own thoughts and feelings is an essential part of self-discovery and growing up (Travis, 2010). Through his use of the fantasy form Pullman is able to transgress difficult subject areas normally out of bounds within a childrens book, capturing his young readers imaginations while keeping the stark realities of his metaphors at bay. He insists on realism and the real implications of his fantasy stories (Wood, 2009, p274), exhorting his readers to take an activist role in creating the world that they want. So saying If I write fantasy, its only because by using the mechanisms of fantasy I can say something a little more vividly about, for example the business of growing up (Rustin and Rustin , 2003 ,cited in Montgomery, 2009, p255). Within Northern Lights, Pullman shows Lyras growth from innocence, he demonstrates the malleability of childhood with the changing form of the childrens daemons that represent their character , which set at puberty into the type of person they are, for example he was a servant , so she [the daemon] , was a dog (NL, p7). Pullman promotes childhood as an innocent time when children are impressionable and make the important decisions that mould their moral fibre, he follows the traditional pattern of childhood freedom, as seen in the like of Ransomes Swallows and Amazons() as the children create their own idyllic morally responsible world (Squires, 2009, p282). Northern Lights uses the Magisterium to establish anti-religious ideology and shows the infallibility of religion in that Lyras saviours are those marginalised and demonised by society; the non religious gyptians (gypsies), risk all to rescue the children, and the witches save their lives in the final battle. Such radical views may seem better placed in adult literature yet as Reynolds (2009) informs avoiding cultural spotlight is one reason why writers may find themselves drawn to write for children (p109). Pullman may be using childrens literature as a vehicle to publicly air his opinions on religious fundamentalism safely hidden within childrens fantasy, to a less judgmental audience. It could be that Pullman simply finds this medium more liberating; however Northern Lights also manipulates its readers opinions in line with Pullmans, ultimately, as with Junks evils of heroin, the reader cannot fail to see the Magisterium as the evil villain. Pullmans use of fantasy fiction proves he can more succinctly air his own opinions, and he could be seen as using the medium of childrens literature in the same way. As he states there are some themes, some subjects too large for adult fiction; they can only be dealt with adequately in a childrens book (Pullman, cited in Falconer, 2009, p378). His view on how we underestimate the potential of the young in order to maintain our own nostalgic view of childhood has certainly shaped the form and content of his book. Reynolds (2009) informs that childhood is a time to negotiate and find a place in society, yet more so with Northern Lights it is also about developing individual potential suited to a future in which societies could be different in some significant ways'(p100). It could perhaps then also be said that Alcott, Burgess and Pullmans motivation to write for children is also their aspiration to create a better society, So Lyra and her daemon turned away from the world they were born in, and looked towards the sun, and walked into the sky (NL, 397). As authors draw on their ideals to write for their audience, it is the book publishers who set the market trends and decide what children would like to read and subsequently influence what an author writes, an area touched upon with LW and Junk. Twenty first century novels show a commodification of childrens literature (Squires, 2009), in which we also see the decline of the individual author with publishers such as Working Partners, where a storyline is created by a conglomerate of author /editors then given to a writer to create the book (EA300, DVD2). Thus providing a quick turnaround and commercial sense but little scope for individual ingenuity and signifying that as Hunt (2009b) says, the cart of marketing, is driving the horse of creativity (p81). A further consideration on external influence is the competition from digital media, which as Burgess (2009) says also has a great impact on what children are exposed to, compounding the difficulty in producing literature that appeal s to the modern child ,a fact he uses to support his hard hitting realism. Childrens literature has been seen to catalogue social, economical and political changes, embolic of societys view of childhood (Hunt, 2009b, p71), a view set as the gate keeping adult world considers what children need to read, putting additional pressure for authors to produce the right book. In conclusion to Hunts statement, it would seem that in order to write a childrens book, the author must indeed have an idea of the child they are writing for, and this determines the form and content of their novel. Yet as we have seen they are also motivated by their own additional agendas, and this can lead to their constructed child being modified for their own purposes and also manipulated by the forces of modern media and marketing. This contributes to the complexity and often popularity of a novel that can then be read on many levels, Pullman could be seen as writing a religious allegory, propaganda or an adolescence adventure story. Authors still have their own view of what childhood should be, and incorporate this into how they believe it is or wish it to be seen. Our realistic view of the modern child is radically different from earlier popular books, such as Little Women, or Swallows and Amazons and as contemporary writers make efforts to loose the nostalgic view of childh ood innocence, there is also the concern that we are now ending childhood too soon, and as Jacqueline Wilson says forcing children to conform to societys teenage image (EA300, DVD2). Yet from Little Womens childish carefree plays to Junks depiction that children are now living real life adventures, we find that, as Lyra does, there is still always hope in childrens books. Childrens literature as Hunt (2009a) says shows what society thinks of childhood, and also what the author and we as adults need to believe it represents.

El Chapo Biography Essay

El Chapo was born in the small Sinaloa town of La Tuna and is the oldest of seven children. Guzmà ¡n grew up surrounded by marijuana and poppy crops — plants that were cultivated by his father, Emilio Guzmà ¡n Bustillo. The elder Guzmà ¡n was a violent man who beat his children. El Chapo likely earned the ire of his father by trying to stop him from hitting his siblings. Whereas his father was a source of punishment, his mother Consuelo Loera served as his fountain of emotional support. She still lives in La Tuna and is said to be the only person in the world who can change her son’s mind on anything. Guzmà ¡n entered the narcotics industry at the age of 15 when, along with his cousins, he planted his own marijuana. It was during his adolescence that he was given the nickname of â€Å"El Chapo,† a reference to his miniscule stature he was a farmer growing beans and corn  when he escaped prison in 2001 he is to said to walked out in a wig a skirt and high heels As a child, Guzmà ¡n sold oranges, and dropped out of school in six grade to work with his father early life Joaquà ­n Archivaldo Guzmà ¡n Loera was born into a poor family in the rural community of La Tuna, Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico.[21][22]Sources disagree on the date of his birth, with some stating he was born on 25 December 1954,[23] while others report he was born on 4 April 1957.[24] His parents were Emilio Guzmà ¡n Bustillos and Marà ­a Consuelo Loera Pà ©rez.[25] His paternal grandparents were Juan Guzmà ¡n and Otilia Bustillos, and his maternal grandparents were Ovidio Loera Cobret and Pomposa Pà ©rez Uriarte. For many generations, his family lived and died at La Tuna.[26] His father was officially a cattle rancher, as were most in the area where Guzmà ¡n grew up; according to some sources, however, he may have possibly also been a gomero, a Sinaloan word for opium poppy farmer.[27] Guzmà ¡n has two younger sisters, Armida and Bernarda, and four younger brothers: Miguel à ngel, Aureliano, Arturo and Emilio. He had three unnamed older brothers who reportedly died of natural causes when he was very young.[26] Few details are known of Guzmà ¡n’s upbringing. As a child, Guzmà ¡n sold oranges, and dropped out of school in third grade to work with his father.[17] Guzmà ¡n was  regularly beaten and sometimes fled to his maternal grandmother’s house to escape such treatment. However, when he was home, Guzmà ¡n stood up to his father to protect his younger siblings from being beaten.[28][29] It is possible that Guzmà ¡n incurred his father’s wrath for trying to stop him from beating them. His mother, however, was the â€Å"foundation of [his] emotional support†.[30] As the nearest school to his home was about 60 mi (95.6 km) away, Guzmà ¡n was taught by traveling teachers during his early years, just like the rest of his brothers. The teachers stayed for a few months before moving to other areas.[29] With few opportunities for employment in his hometown, he tu rned to the cultivation of opium poppy, a common practice among local residents.[31] During harvest season, Guzmà ¡n and his brothers hiked the hills of Badiraguato to cut the bud of the poppy. Once the plant was stacked in kilos, his father sold the harvest to other suppliers in Culiacà ¡n and Guamà ºchil.[32] He sold marijuana at commercial centers near the area while accompanied by Guzmà ¡n. His father spent most of the profits on liquor and women and often returned home with no money. Tired of his mismanagement, Guzmà ¡n, at the age of 15, cultivated his own marijuana plantation with four distant cousins (Arturo, Alfredo, Carlos, and Hà ©ctor), who lived nearby. With his first marijuana productions, Guzmà ¡n supported his family financially.[28] When he was a teenager, however, his father kicked him out of his house, and he went to live with his grandfather.[33] It was during his adolescence that Guzmà ¡n earned the nickname El Chapo, Mexican slang for â€Å"Shorty†, for his 1.68 m (5 ft., 6 in.) stature and stocky physical appearance.[34][35] Though most people in Badiraguato worked in the poppy fields of the Sierra Madre Occidental throughout most of their lives, Guzmà ¡n left his hometown in search of greater opportunities; through his uncle Pedro Avilà ©s Pà ©rez, one of the pioneers of Mexican drug trafficking, he left Badiraguato in his 20s and joined organized crime Guzmà ¡n was captured in 1993 in Guatemala, extradited and sentenced to 20 years in prison in Mexico for murder and drug trafficking.[1][17] After bribing prison guards, he was able to escape from a federal maximum-security prison in 2001.[1] He was wanted by the governments of Mexico, the United States and by INTERPOL.[18] The U.S. offered a US$5 million reward for information leading to his capture, and the Mexican government offered a  reward of 30 million pesos (approximately US$2 million) for information on Guzmà ¡n.[1] Guzmà ¡n was arrested again by Mexican authorities in Mexico on February 22, 2014. He was found inside his 4th floor condo at 608 Av del Mar in the beachfront Miramar condominium in Mazatlà ¡n, Sinaloa,[19] and was captured without a gunshot being fired.