Economics for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Case Study

Financial aspects for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure - Case Study Example Due to Guam’s close relationship with the economy of Japan, incidents in the last have genuinely influenced the monetary circumstance in Guam. In any case, the situation has improved in Guam in the long run in spite of the fact that the pattern of sightseers has changed altogether (Dougan, 2007). A profound examination concerning the personal conduct standard of the new age of Japanese voyagers has yielded a sharp differentiation to the more established part of explorers. Consequently, the policymakers need to outline new promoting, gracefully and operational choices for boosting their travel industry segment to be at standard with its past greatness. Promoting Decisions An observational examination shows that Japanese vacationers incline toward Guam over other visitor goals attributable to the vicinity between the two and the pleasant excellence of the spot. The Japanese are seen as generally worried about their security while visiting and accordingly, the Guamanian policymak ers need to advertise their expanded worry towards security of their visitors and improving the spot. What's more, the popularity for extravagance things may likewise be utilized by the policymakers for advertising the travel industry in Guam. A feeble dollar against Japanese Yen has discounted the overall cost of many marked things in Guam than they are in Japan which could be utilized as a ploy by policymakers to pull in voyagers (Moutinho, Curry, and Rita, 1996). Gracefully Decisions Supply choices which support the travel industry in Guam are those which help in drawing an ever increasing number of visitors inside the country. Gracefully choices are basically those which take a note of the interest circumstance and afterward outline flexibly plans in order to augment benefits (Walker and Walker, 2011). In the current example, the interest choices of Japanese vacationers are seen as needy more on their per capita pay as opposed to the costs of products. Additionally, they slant m ore towards extravagance things accessible in Guam. To address their issues of normal things, the Japanese sightseers as of late have turned their consideration towards limited item stores. Thus, the policymakers ought to decide to improve the gracefully of extravagance things in Guam as increment in offer of limited ware things don't help with boosting the degree of salary in a country. Likewise, the Guamanian policymakers could likewise utilize those instruments which give them an edge over other the travel industry goals as far as happenstance costs. For example, the lodging rates in Guam are far less expensive than those in other traveler goals with the descending pattern particularly noted post the Asian budgetary emergency, by virtue of high reliance of Guamanian the travel industry on the economy of Japan. The policymakers can likewise decide to train all Guamanian inns towards keeping their costs low too particularly now and again when the Japanese economy is encountering a low. Also, now and again when the interest is low, the policymakers can decide to alter the accessibility of aircraft situates in order to keep the costs steady and lessen odds of misfortune. Operational Decisions The operational choices that the policymakers ought to receive to help the Guamanian the travel industry part would will in general improve the budgetary stream inside the economy (Knowles,

Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A

P1 †Describe the job web promoting has in a cutting edge showcasing setting utilizing chosen associations as models Internet showcasing has assumed a significant job as a methods for publicizing. A wide range of organizations have profited by web promoting with regards to cost, relationship building and deals. In a split second a huge number of individuals can approach an organization, its items or administrations, and this should be possible whenever anyplace on the planet. Generally correspondence is done by means of email decreasing expenses in calls too. What's more, this advantages not just organizations which don't have to spend huge totals of cash on conventional methods of promoting yet additionally benefits customers who don't have to make calls to find out about an organization and its items or administrations; it is conceivable to discover everything with a couple of snaps. Web advertising is additionally used to close arrangements which make the procedure simpler and less expensive for the business and the client. Indeed, even a cell phone contract arrangement should be possible by means of web these days. Web advertising additionally helps focusing on abroad customers as items or administrations effectively arrive at clients anyplace on the planet through web showcasing. Relationship building is likewise one reason why organizations use web promoting; this should be possible through messages got to refresh clients with most recent items, administrations or news; another approach to manufacture great connection with clients is by offering them benefits that should be possible online without the problem of going out to determine an issue. One model is web based financial where banks offer clients the office of dropping direct charges, make installments or moves in no time.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Dramatically Reduces Inflammation

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Dramatically Reduces Inflammation The vagus nerve is always at play in people with gut problems, food sensitivities, fatigue, anxiety, depersonalization, and brain fog.This means that people have a lower vagal tone, i.e., having a lower ability to perform its functions.The one problem to address in this situation is to find out which part of the vagus nerve is malfunctioning and to what extent it is the problem compared to other aspects of your biology.WHAT IS THE VAGUS NERVE?The vagus nerve is the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system that is responsible for regulating the “tend-and-befriend” or “rest-and-digest” responses.Even though it’s not the only nerve in the parasympathetic system, it is the most important due to having the most far-reaching effects.Vagus’ literal meaning is ‘wanderer’ because this nerve wanders all over the human body to various crucial organs.The vagus nerve reaches the gut (intestines, stomach), brain, liver, heart, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureter, kidn ey, neck (pharynx, larynx, and esophagus), reproductive organs (female), lungs, tongue, and ears.Due to its incredible importance to other organs, if the vagus nerve isn’t working properly, it could lead to digestive disorders such as GERD, gastroparesis, dyspepsia, anorexia, ulcerative colitis and bulimia among others.It can also lead to inflammation because of fight-or-flight responses in the nervous system.INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES Inflammatory responses are what lead to the development of various diseases as well as severe chronic pain.As a matter of fact, in most cases, inflammation serves as our body’s response to stress.So the only way to reduce inflammation is by reducing the fight-or-flight responses in the nervous system as well as lowering biological markers for stress.Usually, doctors would prescribe medications to fight inflammation, but there have been growing pieces of evidence that engaging the vagus nerve and improving the “vagal tone” is another way of doing t hat.This can be accomplished by maintaining the daily habits of meditation and yoga or in other extreme cases   such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using an implanted device for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).VNS REDUCES ARTHRITIC INFLAMMATION DRAMATICALLYA joint team of researchers from the United States and Amsterdam conducted a clinical trial concluded that by stimulating the vagus nerve with a small implanted device reduced inflammation significantly and improved outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting cytokine production.According to researchers, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that has affected over 1.3 million people in the United States and costs over tens of thousands of dollars to treat it annually.For this experiment, the neuroscientists and immunology-experts used state-of-the-art technology in order to map the neural circuitry that regulates inflammation.One circuit, known as the “inflammatory reflex,” there are actio n potentials that are transmitted in the vagus nerve which hinder the production of cytokines.This is regarded as the first human study of its kind to reduce rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by stimulating the vagus nerve with a small implanted device that triggered a chain reaction and as a result, reduced cytokine levels and inflammation.And even though the experiment was focused on rheumatoid arthritis, the results also provided positive implications for people suffering from other diseases, including Crohn’s, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.Paul-Peter Tak, the international principal investigator and lead author of the paper from the Division of Clinical Immunology Rheumatology of the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, said in a statement:“It is the first study to determine whether stimulating the inflammatory reflex directly with an implanted device can treat RA in human beings. We have demonstrated previously how targeting the inflammatory reflex may hel p reduce inflammation in animal models and in vitro models of RA….. which may also be relevant for other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.”In other words, these findings give us a better edge in combating diseases that, at the moment, can only be treated with very expensive drugs that come with a wide range of side-effects.Therefore, VNS offers healthcare providers a more effective alternative for improving the lives of people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases.VAGUS NERVE FUNCTIONSBrainFor the brain, the vagus nerve aids in mood and keeps anxiety and depression under control.The nerve is the one responsible for the mind-body connection since it goes out to all of the major organs (with the exception of the adrenal and thyroid glands).The vagus nerve is intimately linked with how we connect with one another, as in, it links directly to the nerves that tune our ears to human speech, regulate emotional expressions and coordinate eyesight.It is also what influences t he release of the hormone oxytocin, that is important for social bonding.Studies suggest that a higher vagal tone is largely associated with more altruistic behavior and greater closeness to others.The vagus activity of a child may be affected by their mother.In one study, it revealed that mothers who were angry, depressed or anxious during pregnancy gave birth to children with lower vagus activity.Other studies suggest that the vagus nerve is crucial for getting in the mental state of “flow.”It is assumed that a combination of sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and vagus activation produces the right atmosphere for a flow state.By increasing orexin in the prefrontal cortex, vagus nerve stimulation may increase a person’s wakefulness.It has been proven to reduce the amount of daytime sleep as well as rapid eye movements in epilepsy patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury and also promote the recovery of consciousness in comatose rats after a traumatic brain injury.However , the vagus nerve can also lead to ‘sickness behavior’ (sleepiness, fatigue, loss of appetite, anxiety, depression, decreased motivation and inability to concentrate) in an inflammatory state.Kidney and BladderThe vagus nerve has been proven to promote general kidney function. It increases blood flow and helps in glucose control, which then improves blood filtration.Vagus activation leads to the release of dopamine in kidneys, which excrete sodium and thus lowers blood pressure.A side effect of the vagus nerve is that it causes urinary retention as it leads to the bladder.Another way to look at it is that a lowered vagus stimulation can cause you to urinate frequently.GutIn the gut, the vagus nerve increases digestive juice secretion, stomach acidity, and gut flow.If there is less vagus stimulation, it could increase the risk of IBS, which is the result of less flow. That’s why the vagus nerve is important for increasing gut flow (motility).Vagus nerve stimulation increases th e release of histamine by stomach cells, which helps in releasing stomach acid. Hence, low stomach acidity is a problem in the vagus nerve.The vagus nerve is important to help you absorb vitamin B12 by releasing intrinsic factor.After a meal, relaxation and satiety are caused by activation of the vagus nerve’s transmission to the brain in response to food intake.The vagus nerve is crucial for conditions such as GERD because it controls stomach acidity and the esophagus.Liver, Pancreas, and GallbladderThe vagus nerve helps control blood glucose balance in the liver and pancreas.For the gallbladder, the vagus nerve helps release bile, which is what gets rid of toxins and breaks down fat.HeartIn the heart, the vagus nerve controls blood pressure and heart rate.Stimulating the vagus nerve prevents the risk of heart disease as well as other fatal diseases.Mouth and EarsThe vagus nerve helps control taste and saliva in the tongue and releases tears in the eyes.It also helps explain why a person coughs when tickled on their ears, such as the case when you’re trying to remove ear wax with q-tips or a cotton swab. It can also help people with tinnitus due to its connection to the ear.SpleenIn the spleen, vagus activation reduces inflammation by releasing acetylcholine.Even though the activation targets the most important organs, the response is more systemetic in the spleen.Since the vagus nerve connects to a woman’s cervix, uterus, and vagina, it helps control their orgasms and fertility.POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS OF VAGUS NERVE DYSFUNCTIONBrain problemsObesity and weight gainAnxietyDepressionIBSHigh and low heart rateChronic fatigueDelayed gastric emptying or gastroparesisDifficulty in swallowingB12 deficiencyDizziness/faintingHeartburnChronic inflammationDISORDERS THAT VAGUS NERVE ACTIVATION CAN FIGHTGiven that the vagus nerve is linked with many different functions and brain regions, several types of research have uncovered the positive benefits of vagal stimulation o n a number of diseases and conditions such as:OCDAlzheimer’sMigrainesHeart diseaseAnxiety disordersTinnitusObesityFibromyalgiaMemory disordersChronic heart failureMultiple sclerosisBulimiaAutismAlcohol addictionCancerMood disordersLeaky GutBad blood circulationSevere mental diseases12 WAYS TO STIMULATE THE VAGUS NERVE 1.  Singing or ChantingAccording to one study, singing increases heart rate variability (HRV).In fact, mantra chanting, humming, hymn singing, and upbeat energetic singing are known to increase HRV in different ways.Singing, in particular, begins the work of the vagal pump, which sends relaxing waves through the choir. When you sing at the top of your lungs, the muscles in the back of the throat activate the vagus.Energetic singing activates both the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nervous system, which enables you to get into a flow state.Singing in unison, usually practiced in churches and synagogues, also activates vagus stimulation and increases HRV.It also incre ases oxytocin, a chemical which brings elated joy and happiness.2.  ColdStudies reveal that when our bodies get adjusted to cold, our fight-or-flight (sympathetic) system decreases and our rest-and-digest (parasympathetic) system increases because it is managed by the vagus nerve.Exposure to any kind of acute cold will boost vagus stimulation. You can start this off by dipping your face in cold water.3.  MeditationTwo kinds of meditation, namely loving-kindness meditation and om chanting, can stimulate the vagus nerve.The loving-kindness meditation enhances the vagal tone, which is measured by HRV. Om chanting stimulates the vagus nerve as well.4.  YogaYoga has been documented to increase vagus nerve and parasympathetic system activity in general.This is backed by the results witnessed in the 12-week yoga intervention.The program saw an increase in thalamic GABA levels, which led to greater improvements in mood and anxiety than a control group that did walking exercises.5.  Deep and Slow BreathingYour heart and neck consist of neurons that have receptors known as “baroreceptors.”The neurons detect your blood pressure and then transmits the neural signal to the brain (NTS), which then activates your vagus nerve that connects to your heart to lower heart rate and blood pressure.This brings about a lower fight-or-flight activation (sympathetic) and more rest-and-digest (parasympathetic).Baroreceptors can at times be quite sensitive.When they become too sensitive, they will transmit signals to the brain, informing it that the blood pressure is too high and it’s time to activate the vagus nerve to lower it.Slow breathing, along with roughly equal time contributed to breathing in and out, has been reported to increase the sensitivity of your baroreceptors and activate vagal stimulation, which in turn, lowers blood pressure and reduces anxiety by reducing your sympathetic nervous system and enhancing your parasympathetic system.An average adult can benefit from 5-6 breaths per minute.A proper breathing technique would be to breathe from the belly and slowly at that.6.  Positive Social RelationshipsIn one study, participants were told to sit and think about others in a compassionate manner by silently repeating phrases such as “may you feel safe, may you feel healthy, may you feel happy, may you live with ease,” and continue to return to these thoughts when their minds wandered.Compared to control groups, the ones meditating showed an overall increase in positive emotions including interest, joy, serenity, amusement and hope after the class.These psychological and emotional changes were linked with a greater sense of connectedness to others and an improvement in vagal stimulation, as seen by HRV.However, simply meditating isn’t enough to bring a more toned vagus nerve.That’s because the change only occurred in those meditators who were happier and felt more socially connected.On the other hand, those who meditated just as much and didn’t show any signs of feeling closer to others showed no change in the tone of the vagus nerve.7.  PrayerStudies show that reciting the rosary prayer increases vagus activation.More specifically, this method increases cardiovascular rhythms such as HRV and diastolic blood pressure.Other studies suggest that reading one cycle of the rosary takes about 10 seconds and causes readers to breathe at 10-second intervals (including breathing in and out), which increases HRV as well as vagus function.8.  LaughterThe infamous saying known as “laughter is the best medicine” is not all talk as it is actually linked with several health benefits, one including stimulating the vagus nerve.A study performed on yoga laughter confirmed increased HRV in the laughter group.However, there are various reports of people fainting from laughter, which could be due to the vagus nerve being stimulated too much.Other instances of fainting come after urination, swallowing, coughing, or bowel movements, all that is due to vagus stimulation.There are also reports of passing out from laughter in people who have a rare syndrome (Angelman’s) that are linked with increased vagus stimulation.Sometimes laughter is a side effect of vagus nerve stimulation.On the other hand, a good chunk of laughter is good for cognitive function and guards against heart diseases. It even increases nitric acid and beta-endorphins and benefits the vascular system.9.  ProbioticsThe brain connects to the gut system through the vagus nerve.Various reports have been surfacing that point to an effect of the gut microbiota on the brain.Animals that were supplemented with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus experienced a number of positive changes in GABA receptors mediated by the vagus nerve.10.  Breathing Exercises If you breathe in and out with resistance, it will potentially stimulate your vagus nerve better in the same manner as jogging with a backpack.A breathing exercise that lets you breathe out as ha rd as you can, will make you uncomfortable, but you will also notice how awake you are.There are not enough studies on this, but it is said to help you with your vagus nerve.11.  PEMFMagnetic fields have also been reported to stimulate the vagus nerve.Some studies conclude that PEMF can increase both vagus stimulation and HRV.You can use a pulse magnetic stimulator called an ICES in your gut and brain to stimulate your vagus nerve, which helps increase your appetite and reduce inflammation.12.  MassagingMassaging can also stimulate your vagus nerve, including the carotid sinus that is located on your neck, which helps reduce seizures.Other than that, the vagus nerve can be activated by a pressure massage.These messages are effective in helping infants gain weight by stimulating gut function, which is largely mediated by vagus nerve activation.Foot massages are also useful in increasing HRV and vagal activity, while also lowering your blood pressure and heart rate, all of which reduc e the risk of developing heart diseases.

The United States Government Federal, State, And Local...

LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Jill Golinski Ohio Univeristy Professional Nursing Practice 4510 Kristen Morgan September 03, 2015 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS The United States government federal, state, and local plays a significant role in developing and delivering health care policies. Today’s issues associated with health policy stem from individual health, the overall health of the country, and economic problems associated with health care (Rosenbaum, 2011). Being a nurse it is important to understand the legislative process, and how political health issues affect how we care for patients. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legislative process, and current political issues affecting health care today. Part 1 Legislative Process The legislative process starts first with an idea. This idea might be from the public, or from government officials. This idea is then turned into a bill, and introduced by a representative to a committee for review. The bill is given a number and is referred to the appropriate committee. If the committee decides the bill should go on further in the process then it continues to a hearing to be voted on, debated or amended. At any point the bill can be killed, and is no longer up for review. If the bill should pass it is then brought to the House or Senate for further review. The bill must be voted by the simple majority ‘(218 of 435)’, and if this occurs it is moved onto the Senate. In the Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee and,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Systems4554 Words   |  19 PagesSTEWART Delivering Healthcare in America: A Systems Approach Leiyu Shi Douglas A. Singh Chapter 1: A Distinctive System of Health Care Delivery Multiple Choice Questions 1. The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: a. Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services b. Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective c. 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Ethnicity and Religion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 900 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Religion Essay Type Admission Essay Level High school Tags: Identity Essay India Essay Did you like this example? Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so mean they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. (Max 650) Are you Christian or are you Indian? This is one question that has been asked of me in my entire schooling career. In 6th grade, my schoolmate nicknamed me ?the coconutwhich meant being brown on the outside but on the inside is white. They came up with this nickname specifically because I was a Christian Indian kid, who was practicing a white religion and yet he was brown-skinned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethnicity and Religion" essay for you Create order Throughout my schooling, people kept on asking me every possible question about my religion and race with most of them having the intentions of wanting to learn and connect how the two interlink, but in most cases, the questions often had negative suggestions for they never expected an Indian to be a Christian. My classmates found it difficult to accept a Christian Indian, so it was understandable. However, they usually had the notion that since I was Indian I automatically had to have good grades. This forced me to work hard in order to prove it to my classmates that it was due to studying that I managed to attain good gradesand not the soalled superhman genes that they believed to be passed through Indians or the everyday potion drink, for such things do not in any way relate with attaining good grades in school. They equally believed that since I was an Indian, I was not supposed to associate myself wiwith any sport. I was usually being told to go do some studies rather wasting my energy in playing sports. This ended up intriguing me, and I kept on asking myself why the color of my skin should signify any skill whatsoever. But as much as they kept on teasing me about this, I ended up being the first pick for volleyball or basketball. And anytime that I challenged them with that they always bounced back by saying that my Christian nature was kicking in and that my religion was contributing towards my good skills in sports. I remember one day when we were in 7th grade, a classmate loudly announced that all Indians were either the super rich CEOs that are usually being featured in the magazines or they were the receiving end of the tech support calls. To my surprise, there were a couple of people who totally agreed with him, as I sat there looking straight at him and at the same time I was stunned at his words. And the next minute I immediately stood up and demanded him to tell me what of the two descriptions he sees me be. He stared straight into my eyes and said that I am a tech support, for to him insulting me was the easiest thing he could do since I outsmarted him in all of the other things in school. When it came to high school, I thought it was the new beginning for me since I no longer had my old nickname but the coconut concept still followed me. My freshman year classes were made up of students who were from different ethnicities. Most of these students were European, Arabs, South Africans and Native American descents, however, all of these students had fair skin. When it came to introducing ourselves, everyone said my name with a lot of uncertainty as they had the confused looks on their faces. I looked Indian, I had the Indian skin tone plus the slight accent, and even my grades could tell that I am Indian. But to them the name Georgi is supposed to be owned by a white, and they kept on wondering how a brown skin with a white name adds up. I remember back in 10th grade we were taught about the violence and destruction that were caused in the 11th century by Crusades, and in the middle of the lesson, a boy in my class turned around and angrily whispered in my ear,Destroying their lives too huh. They should send you back to where you came from. And that was a painful moment for me plus it made me think if he ever told his German girlfriend the same thing. All these experiences started making me become insecure about my ethnicity and religion. I began denying my identity and kept on telling people that since I spent my whole life in America that made me not to be an Indian. And that the reason as to why I am a Christian is because my parents wanted me to be one for it was not my wish. However, in lying and denying my true image I became estranged from my identity. I immediately noticed that I was not being myself. I observed that I was not the fairest or the most handsome people in my class, and neither did I have the biggest muscles nor the best flexibility. But I learned that I had something that others did not have, and that was my identity. My ethnicity and religion were forever part of me, and I should not be disturbed by how other people view my background. I immediately embraced being a Christian, Indian and a brown-skinned kid who was practicing a white religion, but above all, I embraced my true identity: a coconut.

Sammy Free Essays

Sometimes, children feel that they are not given much attention by their parents that is why they tend to do the things that their parents don’t want them to do. Otherwise, they will not know what they really want to do in life. Will there be any possible solution for cases like these? I studied the case of Sammy, a boy who doesn’t want to go to school anymore and we can say that he is a naughty and a rebellious son. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has the feeling of inferiority about himself since his sister looks better than him. His parents are always busy, that they don’t have time to talk to their child anymore, and when they come home early, Sammy always receives complains about the things he usually do and scolds him oftentimes. With this, Sammy somehow becomes disobedient that he can just walk out from them and even brags the door because of irritation. It is showing that the characteristic of Sammy differs from the others, and he could be considered as a problem child wherein his parents as we can assume, considers Sammy to be a difficult one. On the other hand, Sammy do not feel that he is being loved and given an attention that is why, his acts are quite timid. He just like to turn around and walk away because he’d rather be silent than to have quarrels. However, this would greatly influence his personality when he grows up as he doesn’t give justice to the things that he should brought up to his parents. With this, his parents, knowing that criticizing Sammy would help him change, they are being negligent of what’s the feeling of their child towards them. When we speak about the behavior of a child, the first thing that will enter our mind is the parents. Oftentimes, parents escape worrying about their children (O’Connor 2002) like Sammy’s parents. The question that comes to our mind would be, â€Å"how does his parents treat him, how does they control and manage Sam, what is their relationship with Sammy in terms of bonding, and what are the words that they tell Sammy which makes him irritated with them? † With these questions that play in our thoughts, we can come up with some generalizations. One, maybe Sammy’s parents don’t have time to teach him on how to do his homework, ever since he went to school, which made Sammy felt that no one is helping him. Another is that, the way his parents talk to him, is not the way Sammy wants to hear, and they are not aware of what Sammy’s likes and dislikes are. These assumptions will give us a bigger picture of Sammy’s case particularly at home. These affect the behavior of Sammy and will continue unless his parents try to stop it as soon a possible. According to some research, effective parenting skills are a critical indicator of positive outcomes for kids. One solution would be according to Dr. O’ Connor (2002) that His parents should intervene to Sammy’s behavior in school, and make a plan together with his teacher to reinforce and encourage his positive behaviors. With regard to his action of simply walking away, his parents should properly talk to him seriously. Emotional regulation and understanding (Leventhal, 2007), should be developed and should be engage in levels of pretend play (Lindsey and Colwell). Sammy’s action should be assessed in order to determine how to solve the conflict between them (Zahn-Walker, Friedman, Cole, Mizuta, and Hiruma, 1996). Even though Sammy’s parents are busy, there should be a time in which they will spend quality time with their siblings. This is to be able to know some updates about their child and to be able to observe their behavior, attitude and personality as they grow up. This will give an open communications within their family and Sammy will not hesitate to ask some things that he wants to know. No favoritism between siblings should be shown, as it will give a negative impact to the child’s eyes. As early as now, if Sammy’s parents try to consult experts in this scenario, then there is still a big chance for Sammy to change for the better. In this study, I have learned in the end that parents play a great role in the reshaping the behavior of their children. Love, trust, encouragement must be present and certain strategies must be observed. All these should result in a positive outcome of a child’s behavior. The parents should also learn how to control their anger whenever their child has done something wrong, and punishment could be done in some other ways that the child will not get hurt, to the point that he will take revenge. As a student, I have also learned that I should have a good conversation with my parents, try to show them that they are also given the respect that they needed because I know now, how hard it is to be a parent. It is not easy to deal with your children even though they are your own, with the same blood and staying under the same roof. I will not be stubborn and will be obedient to my parents and show them how I love them. How to cite Sammy, Papers Sammy Free Essays Sammy is observant and watches everything that goes on in the store while he cashiers because the Job can get a little boring and he can also by easily distracted y something. His observations, so marvelously acute and precisely and delightfully expressed† (WEB) When these girls walk in, he becomes very observant. He notices the patterns of the bikinis they are wearing. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also notices the way one of them has the strings on the top. Once they start to talk, he fgures out who is the leader. He calls her queenie, and he is very fond of her. He notices by the way she is walking and talking that no doubt she is the leader and the other two are her followers. Sammy is different but acts like a normal cashier in this story. He is not important and does not stand out compared to his coworkers. Sammy wants the girls to notice him, so he feels the need to try to be different. â€Å"Sammy notices the gulf between them; the only way he can get them to notice him to differentiate himself from what he sees, through their eyes as the provincialism of the small town that insists on â€Å"decent dress† in its supermarket. † (126) He wants to stand out from the rest of the people in the store, such as, customers and coworkers. He calls this coworker a drone and customers sheep, which is very different and strange. Not many normal teens do that, and nothing makes Sammy any more special than the rest of the people in the store. Sammy is dissatisfied and quits his Job. â€Å"Sammy is not frustrated because he cannot woo queenie but because of the length of time because of the time he has been working at the supermarket and his daily encounters with customers. † (Web) His manager decides to tell the girls something about the way they are dressed. Sammy thinks his manager disrespected them, he stands up for them and quits. He is hoping the girls would notice and like it but they do not notice. Sammy becomes very dissatisfied with his decision when he walks outside and notices the girls are gone. Then again, he did not really like the Job anyway, considering he realized this opened up a door for new opportunities. Sammy starts to think about his decision more and more, wondering if he has made the right choice. At the end of this story, he is a different Sammy. He became were worth quitting for. He thought by being different he would have gotten their attention. He also thought he would have been satisfied with his decision, but he begins to question his decision. How to cite Sammy, Papers

Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values

Question: Discuss about the Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values. Answer: Introduction Pyalong Pet Foods is one of the major Pet Food Company in Australia, which was established in the year of 1990. It was established by Dr Roberto Inaldo along with his daughter Sandra. She has completed her degree in the business from the Deakin University. The company was initiated in a country town, which is 100 km away from the north side of Melbourne. The area of operation of the company was limited to the backyards of the house of the founder. The healthy business environment for the Pet Foods in Australia has helped the company to flourish in the new regions and therefore was able to expand. One of the main reasons for the success of the company is due to the strong principles, which has been followed. At present, it is one of the leading cat and dog food suppliers in all the veterinary shops of Australia. The company has currently aimed to expand their business in Malaysia and thus it is important for them to collect information related to the business environment of Malaysia The net profit level of the company was reported to be $5.4 million dollar with the sales record of $37.3 million dollar in the last financial year. Over the last 15 years, the sales of the company have increased by 10.9%. The company has encountered sales profit of 15%, which is consistent throughout the year. The level of competition of the pet food industry in Australia has increased in the recent time and hence, it is a challenging task for the company to deal with this competitive environment. This report analyses the external market condition, where Pyalong Pet Foods is operating their business, which includes the economic and political condition of the business. The future trends of the market are also discussed which will help the company to prepare for the entire future scenario. Economic Factors The total value of the GDP of Malaysia is valued to be 1.62 trillion Malaysian dollar on 2015. The nation is one of the largest mixed economic markets of the world and it is the 12thlargest national economy of the world. The GDP of the nation accounts for 1.7% of the total economy of the globe. The nation is also the 19th largest importer and exporter of the world (Sirat 2015). The economy of the nation is dominated by the service sector of the as it comprises 68% of the GDP. According to Mustapha (2016), the growth the economic sector of Malaysia is dependent on services like mining and agriculture as the products of this sector largely got exported in the Asian countries. At present, the GDP of Malaysia is higher than major nations of the globe like Germany, UK and France. In terms of per capita income the country of the nation is considered to be 5th largest in the world with $51,000. The high rate of GDP is thus one of the prime factors, which has helped Pyalong Pet Foods to expand their business and improve the profit margin. The pet foods are considered to be one of the luxurious needs for the people. However, with high level of income within the people, it is possible for the people to easily buy of the luxurious products. However, during the time of recession, the rate of unemployment with in the nation increased to 10.8% from the value of 3.4% and the value of GDP has also fallen due to its effect (Mustapha 2016). The level of consumer price also rose during the time from the third quarter of 2016 to 1.3%as a result the business of various products had suffered due to poor sales record. From the time of 1951 to 2016, the average value of inflation is 5.1%. The occasional high rate of inflation in the economy of Malaysia is one of the biggest challenges, which is faced by the Pyalong Pet Food. The service trade is one of the significant parts of the economy of the nation. China is the biggest trade partner of Malaysia. Japan is another important trading partner, which exports coal, iron ore and beef. Other trading partners include United States, Korea and Singapore. The free trade agreements, which is passed by the government of Malaysia has helped to encourage the trade pathways. Political Factors Malaysia is considered to be one of the most politically stable nations of the world, which is safe place for making all types of business investments. The political system of Malaysia consists of federal parliamentary system, where the parliamentarians are elected using the policies of the federal principles (Barraclough and Morrow 2016). The country operates with the help of the two party political systems, which is selected by the system of voting. The prime minister of the country holds the highest position within the administration followed by the cabinet ministers of individual departments. The basis of the governance is based on the liberal democratic system, which consists of religious tolerance along with the freedom of speech and expression. The constitution of the nation provides the guidelines, which helps to decide the responsibilities of the government. The government of Malaysia takes important and implemented policies regarding the business polices. The taxation system has helped business organization like Pyalong Pet Foods to implement the marketing strategy of their choice, which will help them to promote the sales. The trade policies made by the government have also encouraged the companies to improve the trade business. The government of Malaysia has also maintained a healthy relation with the foreign nations like China, Japan and US, which has helped them to facilitate the trade process. According to Blaikie (2016), one of the major political risks, which is faced by the government of Malaysia is due to the high level of debt. Hence, they may be forced to increase the level of business taxes. This budget, which is passed by the government, may also affect the business environment. Blaikie (2016), have added that the high level of corruption, within the political system of Malaysia is also one of the reasons for concern, which will affect the business environment of the nation. The high level of corruption within the nation has resulted in low ranking of Malaysia in the international corruption index. Presently, Malaysia ranks 13 in the global ranking for corruption. Legal factors The stable political system in Malaysia has resulted in one of the most transparent legal system of the nation. As there is high level of corruption in the country, the government has to implement strict laws, which will help maintain a healthy business environment for companies like Pyalong Pet Foods. According to Ismail (2013), the legal system of Malaysia gives total independence to the judiciary system, which ensures that the fundamental rights of every citizen are protected and all the business organizations can safely implement the marketing policies. The constitution of Malaysia gives equal freedom to both Malaysians and non-Malaysians and therefore, it helps to improve the business relation with other foreign countries. In the federal structure of the government, the power is distributed equally between the government and state. There are nine legal systems within Malaysia, which helps to improve the federal structure of the nation. The new laws are made by the parliament, and are executed by the executive government organization. It is the duty of the judiciary system to monitor, whether the acts are implemented in a proper manner. The government of Malaysia has implemented four types of business structure namely sole traders, trust, companies and partnerships. This gives wide range of opportunity for the foreign investors to do their business in Malaysia. The foreign companies need to register using the business laws, which are implemented by the government. In order to obtain a premise for the business, it is important for the companies like Pyalong Pet Foods to make sure that they take the lease of land and also make legal contract with the owners. Pyalong Pet Foods also need to employ the Workplace Regulation Act 1996 to ensure that rights of the owner and the employees are protected. There is also the Fair Work Act 2009, which helps to ensure that all the employees of the company get the right amount of salary for the labor they are providing. It is the duty of all the employers to ensure that the workers could work in a safe and healthy environment in the workplace (Ismail 2016). With the favorable business environment, Malaysia is one of the favorite destinations for the foreign investors. The robust economy of the country along with the strategic location is capable enough to attract all the investors from the globe. The foreign investors have been able to utilize the entire infrastructure, which is present in the nation. Being one of the resource rich countries, Malaysia is highly dependent on the foreign investments for the last two centuries. With high rate of inflow of the foreign capital the people of Malaysia has enjoyed higher rate of growth. The FDI is considered to be one of the best forms investments as there is a high rate of cash flow within the society and there is also high of commitment from the investors. During the period of 1970s the flow of the foreign investment in Malaysia is regulated by the foreign exchange flow, which is controlled by the policies of the federal government. The policy of the foreign investment was regulated by the government during the time of and in the year of 1975 the government officially launched the formal policy of foreign investment. The government also encouraged the policy of foreign investment, which will help to deal with all the issues related to foreign investment. Agriculture, mining and forestry industry are the major places, where most of the f oreign investment in Malaysia takes place. The equity operation is one of the major policies, which encouraged with the foreign flow of cash within Malaysia (Claessens, Ghosh and Mihet 2013). During the period of 1960s and 1980s there was high level of restrictions within the foreign policy for the business investment, which was made in Malaysia. The restriction added with that of the barriers in the trade, has resulted in the misallocation of the funds, which was invested in the business. The rate of capital productivity dropped by 30% during this period and it lower the rate of economic growth of the country (Edrak et al. 2014). The high level of protection in the trade policies during the time it has also resulted in economic wave of nationalism, which resulted in the loss of foreign acqucions and loss of jobs within the nations. After the period of 1980, the flow of the foreign investment policy changed significantly, this also improved the rise of the rate of GDP. During the period of 1980-2006, the level of foreign investment rose from 30% to 150%. In the GDP of Malaysia, the contribution of the foreign direct investment had grown from 15% to 35% (Edrak et al. 2014). Three of the major nations, which have contributed to most of the foreign cash flow in Malaysia, include US, UK and Japan. As per the report of 2013, these three counties have contributed to nearly 55% of the total foreign investment that is done Malaysia. The flow of foreign cash from these countries increased significantly during the period of 1980 to 2013. On the other hand, the investment made by the Malaysian companies in the foreign countries includes include New Zealand, UK and US. These are top three destinations for foreign investment made by Malaysia. The outflow of the foreign cash, which is made by Malaysia rose significantly during the time of 1980 to 2013 from 43.4% to 49.5%. In the year of 1983 UK accounted for just 3.9% of the total foreign cash outflow from Malaysia. By 1998, the amount rose to 20%, which was contributed by the high rate of the foreign policies implemented by the government of Malaysia (Goh and Tham 2016). It is duty of the Malaysian government, to ensure that outflow and the inflow of the foreign cash is monitored, which will ensure that there is no mal-practice, which is being implemented by the foreign investors. The government body regulates the national security, taxation policies and other legal aspects related to the business, which is needed to access the information related to that of the foreign cash and investments. It is also the duty of the foreign investors to ensure that they access the information related to that of foreign policies of Malaysia. The Banking Act 1959 and the Financial Sector Act 1998 was implemented to encourage the foreign investments in the banking and financial sectors. There is also the Airports Act 1996, which encouraged the foreign ownership within the Airports of Malaysia. The shipping regulation act of 1981 has helped the foreign companies to regulate the ship operation (Nordin and Ghani 2015). The government of Malaysia also allows the export market development grants in order to ensure that the all the Malaysian companies can invest and perform trade with all the other nations. The Malaysian business organizations, which have individual or partnership in a company are all eligible for the export grants. However, this grant is mainly for the small and the medium scale industries and hence, the companies having income level of more than $50 million are not eligible for this grant (Leong 2014). For a company like the Pyalong Pet Foods the grant will help to ensure that they are able to expand their business in new countries of the world. Moreover, the high level of investment that is received by Malaysia will also allow the company to expand by attracting foreign investors. Under the policy of the Export Market Development Grant, the Pyalong Pet Foods can also access the right to receive more foreign cash and thereby expand the sales market in the new nations of the world. A ll the products made in Malaysia are eligible for this grant as it helps to improve the record of sales and also improve the financial status of the company. On the other hand with high rate of foreign cash inflow within Malaysia, the small and the medium scale companies within the nations has to face tough level of competition from the cheaper foreign products, which is being sold within the consumer markets. The major international rivals from the pet food companies have posed tough competition. Pyalong Pet Foods need to implement effective marketing strategy to make sure that they are able to gain competitive advantage over the rivals. As the company is planning to expand their business in Malaysia, it is essential for them to collect necessary information related to the foreign investment, which is made in Malaysia. It is essential for Pyalong Pet Foods to understand the importance of the financial system to that of Malaysia. The principle system of banking in Malaysia is aimed to promote the business environment and also promote foreign investments. There are three main types of banks, which are available in Malaysia. The central bank, which comprises of the monetary institution, non-monetary institutions that includes all the insurance and the credit card companies and foreign banks that has its base on the foreign countries, are the three major types of banking system in Malaysia (Oladimeji, Aziz and Khairi 2016). Socio-cultural To determine the market for pet food in Malaysia and expand the business to West Malaysia, it is necessary to have an understanding of the key values and traditions of the country. The culture of Malaysia reflects a mixed culture dominated by Malay, Chinese, Indian and Eurasian culture (Shamsul 2016). All are living unified in the country and the mixed Malaysian culture means a positive growth of business for the Pyalong Pet food company. The culture of Malaysia and Australia can be compared through the hofstede dimension which determines the difference in culture of both countries. In terms of power distance index, the score for Malaysia is high indicating that the country accepts hierarchal order (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). On the contrary this score is low for Australia which means here superiors are always accessible. As Malaysia is a collectivist society, its individualism score is 26 which means collectivist culture dominates countries laws and regulations and Australia has a highly individualist culture (Jano et al. 2015). The masculinity score for Malaysia is 50 while the same score for Australia is 61. It reflects that Malaysia has a high quality of life and caring culture, while Australian resolves conflicts on individual level. Malaysia has low long-term orientation due to normative culture and the same is for Australia too. Apart from this, Malaysia has a culture of indulgence which might favor the expansio n of Pyalongs Company business (Abdollah et al. 2016). The knowledge of linguistic affinity of the country is also important and Malay is the main language spoken in the country. As this is an Australian language spoken mostly in Philippines, Thailand and Island in Australia, grasping this language might be easier for Pyalong Pet Companys staff. However, English is the main language of business and it has lead to rapid industrialization of business. Secondary to linguistic knowledge is the knowledge of the business communication style in Malaysia. To keep up with the interest of business agents in Malaysia, the main business communication style in Malaysia is related to maintaining politeness and diplomacy during interaction. The manager of Pyalong needs to interact in a way that develops a sense of harmony with new contacts in the country (Bakar et al. 2014). Conclusion It is thus important for Pyalong Pet Foods to use the necessary information relevant to the business environment of Malaysia to ensure that they are able to make significant profit from the nation. It is important that they use the policies of foreign investment of Malaysia to ensure that no unfair means are used in the business polices. This will also help them to gain competitive advantage over other pet food companies of Malaysia. Moreover, the stable political and economic condition along with the business friendly policies of the government will also provide good opportunity for the business to expand in the nation. Reference Abdollah, I.I., Abdullah, F. and Voon, B.H., 2016. Developing Scales for Measuring Cultural Values in the Context of Consumer Research.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,224, pp.421-428. Bakar, H.A., Walters, T. and Halim, H., 2014. 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Regulatory Requirements for Establishment and Operation of Islamic Banking System: A Proposed Model with Primary Requirements.Journal of Islamic Legal Studies,2(1), pp.40-54. Shamsul, A.B., 2016. Review: Museums, History, and Culture in Malaysia by Abu Talib Ahmad. Sirat, M., 2015. The Humanities, General Education and the Push Towards Knowledge-based Economy in Malaysia,9(2), pp.377-396.